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很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。
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# e* N. l1 O9 a4 T, M$ q$ N. {在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster ! N0 j; U! I# A4 x/ B
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牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。
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& M3 G2 h, J+ B- c1 ~为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。
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, F Q9 S: M1 H, g( S/ yConsider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
' p( W( N! e; q( J《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。1 {$ K. }/ }; R$ h8 s: p) i
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MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN
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Consider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay
9 _6 G0 }$ ~" z' A O0 r Y1 w+ B6 bWhy it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say
- o% U. \- U. L' h; qBut did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?) I& u3 f ~! F' m3 R1 i& w
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away% v" `1 G y! T/ \/ X% r
5 A7 @( s' {/ m( y, ]+ G! T" KVerse 2: G4 |3 r/ F0 i- i% i
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
1 ^4 F6 e& k( ?4 ]6 u0 ~1 {5 KNutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about
4 j3 K3 m2 t& t. l- x* w+ H) C2 S! G) FBut of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth
& o+ A5 c/ S: j. \* CThe rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out
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Chorus:( f" g. ~* A2 N& ~
Oysters – they’re filtering machines! M8 `4 H$ _7 p8 Q9 i1 J
Oysters – they'll keep the water clean
" `2 s. i/ ]& b+ P' yOysters – they’re habitat producers: X. J* K% ^6 v: e. v0 |
Oysters – wave energy reducers
& M4 E# g; g/ c* DOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore: j2 H9 z' ?3 V3 f+ E4 X
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Verse 3:
; t: M# b7 G# B1 r5 @- fAnd another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs1 u- z1 ]$ q% K4 p! w8 R' ?3 G
That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat8 k! t" p' ? Q$ q
Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat
# {* S3 M* E) Y# E, |And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat
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$ o; W+ ^( _, l7 _Verse 4:
: R1 Y# X1 ~4 I" P: c8 ZWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore' b8 m, {9 @- q9 X
This creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more: o! I- A- _$ m: k9 t
They attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar, c9 x8 @) @( }: e
The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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Chorus:. L1 \: n, l0 T# Y* V7 u% J9 T( ^
Oysters – they’re filtering machines6 `. u, p0 s- W. p; u7 L
Oysters – help keep the water clean( k/ I8 d: ^: o
Oysters – they’re habitat producers% E) @/ l- s1 q g7 K
Oysters – wave energy reducers$ `/ U5 D$ D# @3 L
Oysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore8 r9 ?4 l' D) V1 I8 P c: R
牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!
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( d. M6 w" |! ^) E5 p9 M世界海洋日
4 ]- j, N$ \ W, r _海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。
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" X0 H- t! H9 ~6 {* @查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |