1 E+ K* O* A0 Y9 B) q很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。! o# c. U' f5 A4 z5 G; D. m
: R' h, S) _1 L% s9 P- ~在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster 8 F* n1 D/ a$ R4 r5 _% A: A7 P4 Z
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牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。 r# @$ u, [* s& N7 Q0 u l. P
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6 R5 z: F0 J% ^% V* E为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。8 |9 Q+ X8 `, U( \+ N
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Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
6 u! e. q9 ~. P( N1 b《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。+ j. |( Y& _4 L
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# V% k7 F( w& B+ P1 oMUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN ' o4 d1 t+ z/ Y
Verse 1:
7 a U: ?) R# F' B1 {Consider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay
2 x9 T t2 l$ g% A# d9 |7 cWhy it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say# @7 X6 U5 y% d; b2 ]' v8 O
But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?$ i% Z" i0 z. g# Z7 B0 |4 |
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
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9 \ N A/ V& s2 R' e) iVerse 2:7 m( N" l+ X, B. R2 e. F
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
" ]' k( a3 A; xNutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about2 o$ O3 q6 W+ \7 _
But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth
( Y- T" |0 d; `' f/ FThe rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out
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2 p; F3 J: H7 f) ]$ L. cChorus:
3 E2 K6 z. h% E3 e$ {8 tOysters – they’re filtering machines
5 @* U5 R7 G& ^& q6 m! t0 {+ N/ fOysters – they'll keep the water clean
: `* K2 _' T1 B) ~Oysters – they’re habitat producers' b, O+ Y: h5 B* h
Oysters – wave energy reducers
0 m5 e q+ J' \9 D( k! DOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore
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Verse 3:3 N; G# A, x- L4 T, {+ P
And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs
9 q: d9 \, D4 @( M4 E9 e) ~That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
- |/ @" V3 G) E1 I/ k+ l! tYeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat) r2 D7 |3 j, h" \4 G/ r
And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat& m9 e* g# n/ O- l- h t# m
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Verse 4:2 I7 I% @* W* i7 ^
When oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore
. ~; l) F+ {, n, d: iThis creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
- Y7 T3 q+ }3 Y+ F4 T) d5 dThey attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar' ]6 o+ J% \( u
The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score7 C. ?2 Y' \! ?" v3 I
" I: | T' \% L, I) H; NChorus:
' x, t- S" |8 N' tOysters – they’re filtering machines
4 Z! i: _- @6 L- UOysters – help keep the water clean
7 v# x# J% o6 ]$ FOysters – they’re habitat producers
$ u2 o$ x7 \, J- S( JOysters – wave energy reducers
0 L& ^; @4 A* {( g. | Z' SOysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore
* _( l0 h5 K; }/ \) @牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!0 J' t7 y6 ]- D$ {
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世界海洋日 7 `4 Q$ c$ x& @7 {! t
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。4 I; U: S' w. H+ w. ?
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