$ f3 t$ S, e7 ?: e: l- R4 b
很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。
/ T5 r% Y/ W& J/ j% O+ A0 y
. m! z: z9 v! X+ M) a% w% Q在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster
; z0 i3 R) e" N3 T+ T
! ?8 T. o# g3 {) r: l) L+ p7 f5 K& D; D; }# C
牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。% f# K9 G" r) p* J9 g; t
1 ?. Y9 s3 W/ D" h! K: m2 m/ T
2 }" U6 i$ ]8 y- v3 {5 j& ^
为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。7 H& i- g9 e. G) f2 i9 k
' N" A! R0 C/ r& }- H
1 V' ^, b. n0 J
Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
/ z; J3 a, s9 L d9 k$ V《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。/ I1 R6 j% Q9 |3 |9 s( W/ w9 r
/ {- ^. C4 ^5 l) O4 z5 u4 I
2 ]3 d1 M6 H$ t0 M3 mMUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN
+ [. c2 l# {! c, x7 i2 j2 S0 ?Verse 1:8 o. ]# u1 h, }, w' d/ T3 Q6 f
Consider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay
5 A) z# [# L3 X6 a* VWhy it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say
/ r. M" t9 O. l, K# @. cBut did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?- l& _0 B* y8 z, q2 v
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
8 i! O8 o J% n, W) t' Y* d 4 c! R5 n' Y4 M7 \+ P# a1 A/ j
Verse 2:
9 A a: @" |% E1 BWhen oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
" ^- V' g" U1 oNutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about
% T" d3 J: R% C, @But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth
7 P) u/ q4 |& t6 O, FThe rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out
5 d+ a: H" m- J" c
* H8 y+ H+ {3 Q! GChorus:; X2 G# `8 }6 s
Oysters – they’re filtering machines
" U2 m. U- W( f# h" ^& Z7 fOysters – they'll keep the water clean' K) @% m+ ?, m' D6 ~; u
Oysters – they’re habitat producers
. [5 d/ z( Q# r Y* ~8 e* j& X% FOysters – wave energy reducers
4 P7 G! U; {" E' E& mOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore$ h# x; \6 n4 C3 i6 T
$ `& T3 \/ |( G Z+ _
Verse 3:+ I: c! p7 l" B8 d
And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs7 a" m; e- [0 J$ a
That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
8 {5 p H4 M1 F/ a5 y* ^% W9 aYeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat+ ~) F2 @% i" _: k2 |3 K- @3 H
And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat4 l+ p& h5 O6 L- W
* ?9 w6 h3 T5 @
Verse 4:
" T2 O. s! K- }! G: a9 aWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore
* q" U( I# ~; h8 I+ K" CThis creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
- s6 [1 `; B6 o( C! k p6 pThey attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar4 _/ u+ f/ u& y! k( M4 t6 n
The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
5 o4 b8 O. a6 m$ ~9 [ ' [: p: c6 ?4 v h* h" w
Chorus:
' n5 v0 N- V$ x z' ]Oysters – they’re filtering machines
( w0 J( w) t8 y: p' b! h: H! y% n& r5 ^Oysters – help keep the water clean
! L! i" [! F$ `$ b" j! W4 HOysters – they’re habitat producers' M+ k' O& g& y. ?- i# M
Oysters – wave energy reducers I- r& G I+ C0 d, t9 R* J
Oysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore# ^* J0 x1 B! V4 K! b4 x: r" Y
牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!
& X, D7 T& y, n# ?* g8 {, \4 ^1 ]
; z* o5 g$ ^- x3 \世界海洋日 7 v3 b( R0 e+ h& |% W6 y
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。& T* V4 N) ^$ }3 a8 g- E6 l6 Q+ K
该文章来源互联网,如有侵权请联系删除
1 D9 U m4 a8 g, p' n! Z查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |