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很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。. P/ q' s; x3 x3 M5 I
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在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster $ f8 i. M% C& A
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M1 Y0 R3 U( ^# r3 |+ b8 H牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。
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为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。
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Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04. Y3 V3 @5 u, a5 k; l
《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。
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MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN
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Consider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay5 ^5 F H3 L- S+ X7 {+ q
Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say" a- |) l; X: d1 X
But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?
8 d* R0 j1 o5 ]" Z3 w+ `Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away$ ?. H& c: _0 w# R: M
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Verse 2:6 r8 g' R9 F# E0 Q9 l' b/ y: A
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
- M+ S& @. E) v1 T. U4 yNutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about2 N$ s& M; z3 p4 @
But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth/ Y! S( }' U$ ]7 \3 W9 [
The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out
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6 N( F5 ~! f) F. J3 U2 sChorus:- A1 w6 [6 d; G& F/ t4 F% y
Oysters – they’re filtering machines; u$ ~7 o, K/ @ |8 `. C# |
Oysters – they'll keep the water clean
7 E2 B' k& B' ZOysters – they’re habitat producers$ h S' C" r7 A
Oysters – wave energy reducers
2 g9 @ o! f9 N2 q7 ?Oysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore
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# C8 t# c& ^8 u# n* E) CVerse 3:' u2 B2 }) ^: F) _8 {* }1 Z4 A
And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs6 @. ~ \9 p! B4 y+ }
That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat, B$ f" }& B+ y1 e3 S/ N
Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat
3 K0 Q e6 x" R6 q$ n9 uAnd that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat
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Verse 4:
7 g1 E# e6 F" ~+ s3 n& E f4 \When oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore
) Y F( V, E7 o8 G3 M4 aThis creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
3 Y9 b8 e: Z$ E4 U+ B* kThey attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar
1 h1 g: r# m( l9 Z- l7 Z/ k# EThe rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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Chorus:' S5 o2 E* l- `/ N% S
Oysters – they’re filtering machines9 L5 S O# d3 M* _$ t
Oysters – help keep the water clean
( F& O/ f2 d8 n% V: m3 Y/ V$ WOysters – they’re habitat producers
. ^9 M! k! {4 P3 ^1 E( l- KOysters – wave energy reducers
" i6 B8 J& W/ R6 t$ uOysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore
+ j D) O' v1 I. m牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!$ Q2 s% }6 I8 o' G1 q$ B
$ h# P! p* c7 Q* U& G4 g世界海洋日 / o% q8 M. }, W2 t5 L4 U7 n$ K
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。2 o4 W5 H% j$ n
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