( U- W" y2 |. Q+ O8 ?$ W" T很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。
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- `* M6 B8 Z! g% H/ I在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster 5 X8 S. C: {) x" I( y/ N
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牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。: M/ v2 I7 z; H" b% L
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5 n g1 W9 F' h为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。1 Z. S" A# i x( l! P# A# }8 u( b
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Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
* f% x) @ j" x6 }《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。
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I$ t9 I/ a4 ~1 lMUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN # T1 r: z7 S: J
Verse 1:
& U/ D1 B* l; ^* r; |% j' @8 _Consider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay6 {1 |2 S6 \. }6 n! |" O" B- }. ^
Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say$ C: R1 s, ~9 u; c: T
But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?2 A9 ]6 W' p5 u7 W! S7 E
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away* j$ G$ [$ T' v9 O9 @5 c
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Verse 2:7 E; S$ w5 {0 B0 B* ]) m: ^
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out+ u1 @% n1 x. ~
Nutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about
+ {: s$ k/ r J, QBut of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth
% G( B# e( c& B$ m0 ^( d" G* |The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out# n+ ]6 D4 {" d
' w4 ]; z7 }0 s- dChorus:, V/ [- B9 M7 o
Oysters – they’re filtering machines9 U" U ]: o! V' o# q
Oysters – they'll keep the water clean: U, o$ T% s& a( ~' Q5 w
Oysters – they’re habitat producers
! U; o1 V) x7 x" E% Z+ g% ^& f3 EOysters – wave energy reducers
& K3 a9 n' k0 Q. ^8 _$ ]7 LOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore4 J+ S. c, z7 }# i
' G( ?$ {/ N' z$ l. {0 q1 g9 @Verse 3:6 W! b g/ L4 A' \' {3 L0 K) O) h/ b2 b
And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs& @+ L/ B. L" R& m* v
That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat9 ?3 e/ @, @/ _9 I8 p1 s
Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat
$ k8 Y% m& o" c) |And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat
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4 C3 W7 M) i" \* _4 UVerse 4:
% b1 v3 S" v) t9 c$ G' F- EWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore3 i! [5 W, g8 W/ s& U
This creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more( A; W9 y/ F, g$ G; n5 u. T6 i
They attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar
; E5 A- {1 V$ @6 pThe rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score4 c- A; _& r; f# Y4 r, [4 R; r; z
}& B& r5 C# F- P) E2 GChorus:4 Y( R4 y& O2 ~ B7 ^" L% Y
Oysters – they’re filtering machines& D% s4 a. [) I- X) M, T
Oysters – help keep the water clean2 h# U) l( _% N
Oysters – they’re habitat producers0 I) I( u; q9 S$ @0 K( p( q
Oysters – wave energy reducers
3 S2 N0 O1 b7 Q6 R tOysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore
9 z' p' F5 @+ M牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!
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世界海洋日 5 F! V3 w$ F& x7 W- d8 Y
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。
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2 U& Z0 X6 E1 m7 v; ]2 B; u查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |