( \# Y: m) g& }0 ]很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。2 `+ k8 X/ P& w
+ Z0 s9 r" O& x% A
在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster
6 Q R! F! ^/ b" M0 G( x# B! c; ~# D' l, U4 O$ [: x$ C
1 B% n$ t* [8 V w* F% |
牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。, ~( B ^+ I& j4 |
+ @9 x1 \, C+ p: f
8 f4 K& s" L6 T. P) y0 O为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。
2 R5 ~ D; Q6 G/ e, ]! w+ h
( y$ M' n( P* q( A8 M. K" w3 n6 `/ a- \8 R% G; P
Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04$ J" b, g, b- p
《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。- j: ^' m2 V+ H& h4 A; [
5 m. ~6 E- u2 V" Y
8 m; W" ~( j% d1 p1 a
MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN
+ e& T8 b* n1 ?/ `$ ]5 ?2 IVerse 1:
* w7 |) W3 k: P! NConsider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay
$ t+ z% O" B3 t. l$ l- m) E$ SWhy it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say
; Y1 G2 [# S& h2 C1 P6 CBut did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?) X, `# g4 K: ?0 ?
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away4 q) T. u" m# E% ^# E
7 V! u" z! F* [3 F% ]: m1 aVerse 2:: _, m9 T0 f% }
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
, O. b9 ?* R* I& x$ q% d2 YNutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about
, \# k6 q" | X6 ~+ k2 C; _0 ^: SBut of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth5 J" }$ b; [5 B1 j
The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out
& e3 j2 q3 X5 p( T" g 3 v; R3 e# @! J
Chorus:
8 _# v4 `4 t: A1 |2 k1 a& I( _Oysters – they’re filtering machines
+ S) B9 |5 k3 u ^8 |Oysters – they'll keep the water clean* S7 s* g) m& M& k3 ]4 w
Oysters – they’re habitat producers8 i/ I; K/ c& z& E; ]
Oysters – wave energy reducers
7 C7 r& N2 `$ J8 `3 uOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore6 E' C8 u" x( b6 ?1 Z. _/ ~
" x5 j. c4 N( E B' `& {; ]
Verse 3:3 R* V6 k/ Z0 \& F0 d5 C
And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs9 x' @/ w" h' K5 z0 u
That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
. A8 X1 H% l; f, \6 h( w- r; U% p3 ZYeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat& o( o7 g( Z# Q
And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat( P+ _/ e; U; K. F
4 o# Z' ^6 s& G! \
Verse 4:& d+ I: m' y# u0 R% r
When oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore
( W/ {. L" x U/ q F! c; PThis creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more: P$ B0 u" t6 d7 p. y# ~
They attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar7 T1 D+ R1 |0 o) w( v
The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
/ G" D( d2 c8 ^9 ` M% X
' l1 \/ A7 }; K4 j! G7 jChorus:
; P" R' T& W- R) h( B" u% d8 HOysters – they’re filtering machines9 A/ Y% N/ u; d5 Z2 j
Oysters – help keep the water clean
+ I/ y# M( d8 }* XOysters – they’re habitat producers
2 }3 F; C3 F" j7 @7 j& yOysters – wave energy reducers; U; E Z/ J# N4 L( p( l2 A* j+ t
Oysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore! H5 A8 Q! p8 z; q: Q( l Y" R( ]
牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!" P. d9 L6 \4 K/ t; ?6 I: f! u
0 m7 D2 i/ }& H: T7 S5 Q世界海洋日 , z# }8 u' b! \2 s+ s P1 f
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。- q0 ~7 }/ K0 `- K. V9 s4 y9 V
该文章来源互联网,如有侵权请联系删除
' i6 s8 T7 ^/ u, ^2 R查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |