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很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。
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9 n7 V9 ]' L9 @! Z在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster + `2 Z- n8 ?: c9 I9 h- K
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牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。
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为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。
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Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04& |5 x- G3 u5 P8 m' E
《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。
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& S K" v1 U# Z" eMUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN & U! B" ?- G9 V9 z) }% \( j
Verse 1:
! l7 \) \8 c0 M/ nConsider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay8 Z6 W: H/ `# u" C8 M, J4 k" e# Z
Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say* O% F2 R3 Z) [0 u1 [+ e, G. m$ ]
But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?/ \/ G) Z) P9 H) [* b7 V5 _
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away& y* F: I& C5 I* q
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Verse 2:
8 G% X' H \( A1 ?7 G/ D; U& B- r$ S- |; ZWhen oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
6 `0 Z1 k$ O8 m( i$ ]* H( w: }Nutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about+ I5 K6 {' e* Y/ @% b' I8 w* ?( C
But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth
3 ]* U" `! S; W! {" Y9 sThe rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out7 y- F* k) {0 N D/ a" s
6 s/ U% p* \0 v1 VChorus:1 a4 L6 m& o9 R; c/ Z2 C/ _! i
Oysters – they’re filtering machines6 g" F X# e+ Z2 y7 b, S* k6 \
Oysters – they'll keep the water clean
8 d) \! @9 a8 o. N1 F9 oOysters – they’re habitat producers$ Y* D. } h+ k2 v! U
Oysters – wave energy reducers
, Z9 t3 \3 C [2 LOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore+ u& A0 ~0 _- K2 B" e# o2 C- o
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And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs
# [2 w8 d0 C5 c; D7 P& z% RThat are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
" K/ {2 {. P+ ?Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat3 F; M& K. q+ z! \. c8 x) A0 E0 r
And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat* O/ S1 n0 X% d3 J0 X$ q+ @" ~
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a2 j$ G9 I4 XWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore2 `, \+ `* [8 `, W
This creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more. i* w0 H6 h/ F7 K" \" U
They attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar
+ e" X8 P }3 p$ V6 N' N, \The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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% F( C+ i! F% Y2 L$ H$ xOysters – they’re filtering machines/ i$ b; L. Y* d; f
Oysters – help keep the water clean
* q! I2 [' p" S! T& H6 yOysters – they’re habitat producers6 ^2 m1 Q: y- v! ^- d! X
Oysters – wave energy reducers2 |' K+ U- ?9 f" _+ F }1 C& }5 q, f
Oysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore0 q9 N' U4 i+ G$ d$ |+ ^
牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!
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世界海洋日 & S' Q5 m( O. @5 C9 ?. S1 f: N
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。
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' A! q( W2 P. Z; s查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |