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很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。
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在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster 2 e/ c' @, j3 ?; ]! _( U6 I" M) A
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( D" N$ `3 i/ [; A0 K- r牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。7 `! m, J7 G/ ^% C4 X+ q
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为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。
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1 F! g% {4 }9 r( f; S% MConsider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
" ]' S4 j% n$ s" |* n《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。
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MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN
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Consider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay
6 T1 `' m1 X' ~: S8 {Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say
1 C- [+ q6 z5 k: ~But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?
" u- M9 n) T: L8 {- FNow imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
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3 D# j# q- N4 E6 A4 [' WWhen oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out u L, m# l1 D
Nutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about
4 e5 u/ g5 W8 ]. e3 _! FBut of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth
& n" h+ a, M- k; ]4 x9 |The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out
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! V4 V. d/ _: V- J# v) T1 p% S# sChorus:; H! I1 w5 h3 N0 f- v" e6 K
Oysters – they’re filtering machines: c3 B7 g! Q( n+ `* t
Oysters – they'll keep the water clean; ?& v: Z$ d3 w+ T7 v' Q( u
Oysters – they’re habitat producers" g! D9 c h. i0 X& X
Oysters – wave energy reducers
5 ^; U3 [ Z W* aOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore8 Y" g- ^: H1 x# y' G# D) M
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Verse 3:6 o* g: q: }7 h3 C. X- ?
And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs/ ~" W4 h9 O8 ~
That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
/ C6 V: U! ?1 i8 |" Q. q; ^Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat( l" r$ D( k& |1 h
And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat
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5 y$ }" N6 h/ G5 q- y: [Verse 4:
/ u6 A- X( p; @6 _4 j& Y) e8 }- OWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore$ a) ~0 ]; G1 N- C. l* A h8 X
This creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
" J2 K% m1 Q' n OThey attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar
6 A F: g1 d ZThe rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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Chorus:9 x2 a6 ?- I9 z
Oysters – they’re filtering machines
! q; _* Z- w* P7 v$ sOysters – help keep the water clean
/ F& P7 Q G8 `7 N* H$ K# u; bOysters – they’re habitat producers: ]& z; A0 Y7 J( s' H! E- }
Oysters – wave energy reducers( I, A6 v; ^2 T: p3 J
Oysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore" J# L; k5 ]/ | n+ R1 c
牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!1 E* {/ ]$ ?9 l! J/ K/ u( n% c
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世界海洋日 ) ?: j5 Y* Q- j2 [
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。- B% H/ x4 H, A4 E1 [
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! q: C; O4 H3 w* o查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |