正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:2 m$ O) O8 R( n$ k6 n/ a: `
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
2 _/ b) ~9 k) e7 V7 L' e 2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
! h. n2 L5 r2 m; P 3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
+ k* _, H' r* b+ i 4. Background' s( C z( p2 v8 B9 ^
4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)% Z, O6 O' p s1 i3 J4 ~
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.. k% ~& u/ W) `) Y5 g
4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
5 _+ g6 f# D" J1 q) U. h 5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)( ^0 y8 d% `) z, w p) {# I* p
6. Summary (1 slide)
0 v2 c. b# Y7 k4 u$ s 7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.+ k# M4 @! ~4 w: ^2 Q6 \& Z
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)0 O5 R0 `# b! L3 C
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简洁版: 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)- M4 {- x" H0 A n- r3 V+ I% ?/ s
2. Motivation (1 slide)) h+ t: y& }5 a% [# l( O' v
3. Background (1 slide)8 B9 F7 e2 P- i
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)7 g+ t, R. b2 B' _
5. Results (8 slides)
( D- |+ c; l0 l' h) P 6. Conclusion (1 slide). y9 T$ F( @: d7 s" C& p5 Q
7. Future Work (1 slide)( Y+ X/ Z$ D: L- Q% \. e/ H
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
0 N9 b% u' w/ |0 w: d" Z, ?4 Z 9. Backup Slides* {) s: o v$ A
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举个例子:
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; a) \- c/ @* \% A) c(1)原则
4 @& \3 T1 P6 g首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:- ?* w) C: r6 F9 v8 h
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
1 }4 R8 g: [1 h... Never over-estimate your audience...
) Z4 s p& @4 c% t! m+ p: \9 F是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。. n1 v8 |; q: k2 [- e( h
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(2)结构
! W7 C! d. M4 Z) C我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:
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: u' V2 q0 g& z- }+ ?以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:2 S/ C# s' y. i* g3 F" \
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
' \% a5 v! D- R3 M) X3 w" T' S 2. Motivation (1 slide)
! Z. u' ^" r- b% a/ m1 }# L 3. Background (1 slide)
. C. P! q" w5 Y8 `8 y( h3 k 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
0 U! M& @( e- c 5. Results (8 slides). c/ r! o# Q$ Q7 u7 k
6. Conclusion (1 slide)0 Y, |! {3 n8 l. H* Z, X3 X9 q+ f$ j( z
7. Future Work (1 slide)5 r* F# _5 |7 D( G- A* O
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
$ C" G# ]- \& ^0 s3 U 9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:
/ S% l1 @! g9 T P" V/ F* Aa. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。) X% u( s, d8 ~( r4 ^
b. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
- o' z$ D9 b4 c) _! t$ s& W4 Gc. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。
3 G* A/ ?0 S M; A q6 I1 Gd. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。
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(3)讲故事
Z( y: T$ y; J2 I, i) I0 f* J也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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(4)风格
# i& s: T+ u7 N! F9 Y我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。' |- r. V- {% J5 u% x6 @, g+ G
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:- M' T( _8 r; Z- |
a. 字体: Aria narrow.
- D; @8 D8 U* ~2 {/ d4 [4 m0 M: u" y 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
/ N5 D# ^ Q, s8 m4 H, B- {b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
/ i9 _( [$ p: F, I+ F' S8 H$ fc. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事。0 g) g8 W+ b% u8 o4 e" }0 v/ z2 @
8 D2 ?- ~7 u; q: @% U; V(5)画图
% T9 v" s4 p5 P7 M4 [( g/ v因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:! p( x# q. u9 R2 @. n5 p
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& u' Z$ |7 `( r7 |, aRef:www.52ocean.cn. a+ T6 v3 ~; M3 j$ ]- @: b
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