正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：/ Z/ Y0 V6 h; c5 \
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide), r* o: A6 `0 y0 N
2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)' y# Z, _- q% e( S) W( x
3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.), W5 b, s: `, |2 U9 @
4. Background: o" q' P4 h3 Q- [
4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
: h/ L3 ~$ H5 P" u' S9 l, \ 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
- n* f! @1 X: A2 E1 ~9 {/ Z" _/ ` 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
4 w6 T9 V! P9 t2 r4 A# U 5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)3 T( X# I0 ~, y, [$ Q7 @0 U
6. Summary (1 slide)1 a$ ?) D3 ]3 x' T. F3 |$ C
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up." E- e2 g7 r! M7 P0 O+ m2 n5 T
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)5 |7 _- {# ^: o! u3 L' @
1 y! s) o) D% G) p简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)1 S. U; n- l, r; a9 L9 [
2. Motivation (1 slide)
( M ^- f; N9 o+ g 3. Background (1 slide)& g& T+ x/ p( k- q8 z: r+ L5 B) y
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)2 v8 C8 Y' [, _. x) ~0 d% R
5. Results (8 slides)
1 [1 K3 G I( C8 o7 T ^ 6. Conclusion (1 slide)8 E F, a5 `3 o+ b- M% ]
7. Future Work (1 slide): A/ D; q) {7 ]* o- W0 V3 L4 c* z5 `
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
* E- ~. l% _* x* o6 l$ a( a1 N 9. Backup Slides, F) {, I! F, {" k9 u7 h8 C$ y
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举个例子：9 ~4 L+ e" h; X- v( e
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（1）原则
1 s% q; ] [8 {' s) H5 Y4 r首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：6 {2 t2 v2 c6 ], c# w& I
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
/ e1 r; e+ M" Z' i+ O5 ~7 S* d... Never over-estimate your audience...
! x1 g& ~/ X) ?6 B是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。
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! [6 H7 z# v* \, K（2）结构, \% r+ d9 G0 |6 S
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
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7 K8 I6 m+ ?! Z- p以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：
, k0 c5 t* M" d# P3 |3 L0 `( h 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
5 B! R2 \+ k5 W/ g* e+ l8 m8 v, i 2. Motivation (1 slide)
) q5 y: R# s: W 3. Background (1 slide)& c2 Q4 ^. |' d0 T
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
[! k" u( J1 _4 q: x/ H 5. Results (8 slides), d- n4 l+ P0 B/ h% U7 Z0 {
6. Conclusion (1 slide)" P6 P5 F: X+ ~( a6 b6 f
7. Future Work (1 slide)# s& `4 s4 \8 ^" A7 u
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)" q K. `$ N' c& J
9. Backup Slides6 v4 x; ~+ m, K, s! S3 k
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：
2 P6 W, _% J1 z+ j; g) S) O- D, ra. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。- M2 x' a3 [. q$ _! q
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
7 J# H" L9 O! e8 ]' u# g# uc. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。
5 r; {- K6 x# I; k% t, z( Kd. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。6 A2 R4 x i3 h/ P B
3 H) }( x9 K7 I: K. X（3）讲故事
, N1 Y9 _/ P2 p3 ] ]3 a也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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（4）风格
7 h! @0 g% u7 n; {+ Q$ ?4 c我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
' ?( I+ \, H/ [8 a, c# R! M8 \同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：6 ]( @& B6 I, D6 `! M
a. 字体: Aria narrow.3 J9 o( [2 W. u3 B" Y8 G
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 187 n8 o0 I" Q3 L: d; N
b.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字. S; k A/ \* }0 [1 q; x
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。* y! {6 X" B+ L0 J
& C5 G/ L* e U' }+ g; t（5）画图* `9 A' I7 d2 b$ p
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：
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Ref：www.52ocean.cn
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