正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：7 x I9 l; I7 r
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)0 e" h7 `6 W! M1 e4 T( y
2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
' x2 q" C+ j0 j0 n% | 3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
& G2 y+ N F' M 4. Background! Y, J/ o: a/ g1 U
4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)# s# N6 S3 @ g3 i
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
6 |. A& L7 ? C- j! D8 M8 p: q 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
1 c+ G+ @- H0 K- C$ b8 [. {' Y 5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)3 w2 F/ Z/ G) C$ O
6. Summary (1 slide): a8 Y# m7 [% p- J7 P" g
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.1 |; n" ?! Z4 }/ h+ ~1 K& c" c) z
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
4 y, q, P& n. g; r, S 2. Motivation (1 slide)+ Q( u# a4 e. ~' E8 ^
3. Background (1 slide)! r8 U+ ?/ Y, e( U; P+ b* Z2 Z' {4 r
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
, m, E8 {/ m' K6 A* s 5. Results (8 slides)
Y% k# [$ l( ]- n 6. Conclusion (1 slide) N: Y0 r0 s3 Q: d1 ^/ o3 P
7. Future Work (1 slide)2 Q+ l8 i! r, D u) M
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)# [- \' m# C) U8 d: a. C" j
9. Backup Slides
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( ~) P1 z- k! `5 i5 b) l8 T; a举个例子：3 A# L2 N$ w6 H9 t$ Y4 E
! h, Q3 C2 R' J; `, @) T# |; \（1）原则0 c7 p8 W# c; t1 ?
首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
# w! A! `/ Y* Y& y" IAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...! M2 y7 J& N; D2 F2 F8 G
... Never over-estimate your audience...
& ~: z9 w. I; f是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。& F; b D; j# i
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（2）结构" Y/ T. y) s/ j- Q2 l
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
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2 q1 a) K! O$ x6 n) w% s1 v以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：% b2 Q! q, j: i. P! p/ z1 i
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
& x- u7 h9 s y 2. Motivation (1 slide)/ A" h3 c1 y* u& k
3. Background (1 slide)
7 ]$ G8 N; d6 o+ g9 { 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)+ ]# G7 i9 t$ c& x. x
5. Results (8 slides)# A% K8 G$ G/ m5 b" K' F" @+ m, d
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
1 w( f9 V( E {2 C5 a/ V) i 7. Future Work (1 slide)
, J! c5 s, }5 ^5 ?- I 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
9 t9 L! U8 ^. s, x7 [: {$ b7 j. A 9. Backup Slides
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$ t7 W/ S8 u2 ]% M几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：$ a% G' d9 G& I- n1 m
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。& S; M9 F) g( G# r# q W- ]0 _$ z
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
, k% j7 i; p* X. `& mc. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。0 w% K- [9 ~0 x9 r
d. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。* ]# p6 A3 ]* E- l: ]5 t
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（3）讲故事1 B( o& ^. V# `& A" w
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。3 H( m" S: x3 j0 B" T. q
9 i6 W. N: y+ X: u（4）风格
; S l; F& Y/ l4 y我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
+ u+ @' M6 L' e, C S/ u1 ]! V同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
8 B) s5 Y& b3 ~+ Y- ~4 a# Aa. 字体: Aria narrow., l+ R- z, `$ M% I1 _& g+ W
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
6 ^1 T2 ]+ N1 g1 Yb.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字/ u5 V3 H# |! u0 c3 l/ h; o
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。
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（5）画图" U/ Q3 O/ O, d
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：
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Ref：www.52ocean.cn( `8 U. E s/ h; n/ X' e# w3 w
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