正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：
|- T. x& ?. `" e0 M9 ~4 M, Q 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)' T1 F7 m( T0 [# a4 T. T1 C
2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
1 ~' J; r# }; C5 C( e 3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
/ F- b; j- N# O u% D 4. Background
2 g- f& y" ?* F2 q. m( T 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
" G0 M; K; L; h! N- f- t+ c 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.7 m9 F* H: D+ m
4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
3 B6 C3 D) K: W+ x" @$ h+ T 5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)6 L4 X* {4 [3 p# \7 a
6. Summary (1 slide)
- ~2 X) o* I% _4 \3 x( d$ [ 7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.& h, i; W( g) A. Y
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.). Y1 q* t% B% q' Y5 v0 e
' l5 y6 P1 W6 d( q. A4 s7 u简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
3 C ]# s" c# L 2. Motivation (1 slide)
- f! V6 v6 _' _ 3. Background (1 slide)* F* C& K# f$ v3 T- }
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)% w& c% A6 a) o2 e5 ~
5. Results (8 slides)& g3 A' U, M, O, |
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
; i$ e! z @/ j8 E9 F' U 7. Future Work (1 slide)
8 g3 o# ^* n/ ] q 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
, R! J- b7 _+ L3 a( D 9. Backup Slides" c L" v5 c ^
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举个例子：
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% ` k$ s* I7 ]6 c（1）原则" w+ C1 F1 ^4 ~
首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
$ P; ?$ A9 d" hAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...1 ^: o7 Z* u3 y, s
... Never over-estimate your audience...( ]: l- i/ U$ w! @6 x2 F1 {
是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。! r+ k n+ r ?: a% e$ ]
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（2）结构- B" H: n# r, q2 H
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
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) v; j/ Y: [5 M9 ]以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：' c4 [( ]* G9 g4 H
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)# a% K- V( \' w
2. Motivation (1 slide)8 G4 L$ h1 @) j( h4 ~: ~+ M
3. Background (1 slide)
6 o# ~8 O2 s3 k4 y+ X 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
3 h1 D" \+ M' V. X1 z* g 5. Results (8 slides). K- J' u, s! e, h) d9 D' k3 |
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
* [4 J, J+ j5 K( o" c' S) ~) k; ? 7. Future Work (1 slide) B7 J) \9 x# T1 x$ g' ~
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
6 \( d9 v7 b3 W8 h 9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：5 j! T+ L+ y- r+ C7 N3 s* M! K
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。+ m/ n; ^% Y; V
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
E+ u9 o$ Z& X! Lc. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。
' a T2 a8 G* @1 B6 Z: Qd. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。% X ^$ X/ M' p+ \- W8 e, Y, f
7 L h% u+ B! d) M; O- n( {（3）讲故事8 B5 h$ U- x. _8 K( h
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。, |( S, K1 H7 n
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（4）风格
G8 O2 G) h* Q' _0 B7 b/ V: d我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。! m7 z6 k1 g3 Q! A% f- g
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
, y/ F7 B/ s8 D: k5 @, U3 M/ y6 Sa. 字体: Aria narrow.
0 H" b4 f4 C4 Q9 |8 L 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
0 T* y2 g9 C3 zb.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字- d7 L2 A/ ^0 y% G9 @- n
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。+ n. @- \# Z" F: z* S% u
- L4 i, H+ ]2 d7 f& q" I, J+ J; g# n（5）画图1 ]! L) a7 I+ a* N* l% D- Y
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：" U4 \& g p0 A/ ^8 X
www.52ocean.cn
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