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如何20分钟做出科研报告?

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正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:/ k! j$ P1 }( ]$ X4 L
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)* Y+ D' L. a' s9 b) I( y
    2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
3 F$ E  x& l8 a4 s" d    3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.): n) ]8 a0 g6 ]& r* Q8 L
    4. Background
+ S3 w; f  B7 P" P, |) s" Q        4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)# a. ~7 q/ \+ w0 }/ c8 l
        4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper." M' o1 q7 o: I& \" B& `
        4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
; s. n2 ~$ L; _4 \% r; A: l    5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)7 l1 X8 E+ f# C$ W* n
    6. Summary (1 slide)# D# _- Z! r6 T6 E( x
    7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.
6 {# i& v; H1 r  y) ]    8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)$ _/ N; `% r; B' K7 {

3 `8 k1 i) [; a5 T3 U/ s- ~简洁版:
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
0 g4 u$ W1 `  N    2. Motivation (1 slide)! ]6 C. l# X/ a' f6 W
    3. Background (1 slide)
3 c- E: l9 X1 w2 |9 W& b    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)6 w% D' O% J% h. a* S) X% F
    5. Results (8 slides)7 S& H! z+ V: O+ i6 |/ Y2 H* P% ]
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)
6 ~/ j" f0 v  u2 X; x  S, @  G    7. Future Work (1 slide)
1 F/ V2 e* h6 O3 _+ {    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
$ W# S4 V, ~9 W% Q2 e% C+ b6 b    9. Backup Slides' m3 l7 ^) ]+ g; [9 E0 Y5 s/ m

' X: f7 A$ V6 ~& F; @; @0 B举个例子:: ~0 k" g, d% J

" h$ z8 {) T- S8 g(1)原则
  O- k9 H- j! C4 _首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:
4 X. I/ K/ o' |: lAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
: w4 \& n( _3 i; S2 Z/ b# [% u; l; m... Never over-estimate your audience...
6 t" p4 q1 J$ U. C是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。; A# |% J! B$ U5 q% @

+ ^5 s+ X! S+ O" _, v1 ~& F(2)结构
* C' ?  m" Z/ c0 l" G" ~) N/ }  X我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:2 Q' B2 {) _7 u, X$ ]) u
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1
  X* k7 g0 b% y. B, }. J) o) g: q以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:& `6 n8 a1 s" |' E5 x" Z
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
" p* B' ]4 K, L, m) E; e    2. Motivation (1 slide)4 \4 t; R- x$ J/ @
    3. Background (1 slide)/ E: T: H1 L! T+ l
    4. Hypothesis (1 slide). h% }0 V+ l7 m1 h
    5. Results (8 slides)
0 E' G' _* N- ?    6. Conclusion (1 slide)9 K; Q: ]* @; A: M' {  |1 ]
    7. Future Work (1 slide)
. b; V3 o0 w# i    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
& o) [+ e7 u- C  q. J    9. Backup Slides
1 B* l$ v; v7 r6 B1 v  E1 R' t& {
几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:6 `1 J8 L% E7 j+ b+ v0 P- U/ C
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
5 {3 _* f7 L1 Y( `; A# r7 Xb. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。9 A' Q/ h  a, u# j& s6 G9 C
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。
2 l5 O9 r" M2 g! s6 j; s* \d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。  z1 B# M9 I6 i& D
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(3)讲故事& Q; I; g7 j! W
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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(4)风格
/ T+ e- h1 \1 ^: ~我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。/ g& s+ g# @' t0 }( U
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:
; r; _; ^( w. e9 M0 a" @  k5 ma. 字体: Aria narrow.
0 ~+ S% l% p5 Q9 F8 C   
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 189 D% K$ n9 }. U) n, O
b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
5 p2 V) o. S& f  f1 Y% oc. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事
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4 k& r- M: q& Q* j0 U# V2 [(5)画图
. [. Z" y% c% u$ I& o& S因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:
: o2 f) p9 I# c9 fwww.52ocean.cn
2 y1 F% `- }/ v4 z8 x$ \$ l! r9 f
3 R1 g* M' r) H2 W9 G- _/ BRef:www.52ocean.cn
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