正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:
! T. o5 D7 b; N/ k) } y5 l 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)7 v. h; J" s; D) e/ u, r
2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
4 v3 ~9 P2 d0 ?6 Q* ~ 3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
" A# C! {" f6 K$ v: K 4. Background
, ~4 t! d, h2 Q+ Y' ~2 i 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
) T& G4 f, O$ c& y' Z8 @" P 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
6 J9 @+ B' b1 p# n% i5 F 4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
0 P( E, q' ~+ ?" `& @& v7 S4 |& h 5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
9 H c1 L* ^( e, Q+ N& g 6. Summary (1 slide)
t/ n5 @" `% K& z 7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.! O2 y+ V& [! j& g; P ~) U& L
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)1 h9 Z/ S; U- H1 G) `
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简洁版: 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)' v Y9 S, D: R: J
2. Motivation (1 slide)2 r0 L) l* Q' C( M2 C- X( A
3. Background (1 slide)
6 S7 z9 E/ @: z+ T `& H; p8 ?4 Q 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
2 U) A. `( K0 l) ^4 O7 t, q2 ] 5. Results (8 slides)$ n6 _& {" g$ q. A7 m' \. e8 ~3 [
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
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8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
1 C P1 ^, i' O3 x) c 9. Backup Slides# i: D$ C2 j' p
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举个例子:1 L. ?- w* F& D* X2 V. Z
; I& o2 L: W/ O& w% f(1)原则
! N q" M6 g" T7 j首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:8 ^9 B) @' f" |7 g) M
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...* k) I" a, E1 K Y
... Never over-estimate your audience...
% q/ W6 o. K: k) D, Y是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。( X) a7 m& Z7 v
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(2)结构
8 c. |: ]% Q2 I7 d- I我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:7 v' g v2 E* X* N
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1
4 {5 Q0 ^; a5 D y% E! a1 w以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:* x" }1 X! w: g3 v9 i
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
* k# V' [! {* j$ p: I! { 2. Motivation (1 slide)3 c- V' v7 G/ c' |9 A- Y. A# V
3. Background (1 slide)- y' S( R, k; H. y
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)- W5 o8 c) V3 I8 O
5. Results (8 slides)7 b8 s% \4 Q( F# v3 O
6. Conclusion (1 slide)2 }: _# P, C+ Q* h/ L
7. Future Work (1 slide)( x) Q6 N, C% R
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)% l) Q p" |% Q- n# `% J
9. Backup Slides6 t0 Q0 i- e) J8 y) u; a# Z9 B
* Z) K2 V; B* F, U1 B$ {2 _几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:
: i# a, L* [$ Y9 }a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
9 b& b0 d7 O5 l9 B" Eb. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
6 Y, ^. \0 T* qc. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。5 z& x1 T' a# H9 a3 y& u# @
d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。1 t+ w7 x2 j' z! {) `& e2 }* g$ g
# Q1 T% s- N4 U0 U(3)讲故事1 o/ p. @3 j( X3 B0 M
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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(4)风格
0 I, N% _0 T% i" z* i5 W" T我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
% G( O$ Y ~ J' q- G1 ^( P/ |- y9 w同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:0 L" \$ F1 j% N" @* P6 ~7 A" `# i
a. 字体: Aria narrow., x0 P% k w7 W5 R( w5 o
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18) h( v( Z+ n, u. s, {& x
b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字( n8 _% U, k% M5 A% _! ^2 c6 p% j
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事。
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, x/ O9 q3 X8 T7 V, Y {(5)画图5 ]+ R7 A* F1 I
因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:
7 a- N' Y7 Q6 G7 twww.52ocean.cn
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8 f6 M; {: |0 Q% ]Ref:www.52ocean.cn
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