正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：) r( p" X! ?. b& d* @
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)! c2 Q" A, w8 [3 h9 ~7 o+ Z
2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
7 U% _9 r% J4 P) \ 3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)8 {; d, t- z2 G; D, O& A- t
4. Background
6 j8 w2 i, e! U' Y, Z1 ] A, L 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)' ]' P2 j: d! M) e$ S
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.$ B% _& P, |- k! G
4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.8 b; S; V; _6 z2 _5 m, C* _
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)2 D7 _- Y* E+ U9 G( ?7 Z- v
6. Summary (1 slide)6 ^# i" z! P' p! H3 N
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.. o$ P* O1 N8 H% d# E
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
* F' q: X3 x i! ` _1 u4 X8 G/ P: g9 I+ P5 r) P% O. S
简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
' j9 A! `8 X2 G4 n; `' s! p 2. Motivation (1 slide)
8 n' M" o# R. x4 n 3. Background (1 slide)! Y- K1 [2 E! u. i \, h: d
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)( i# y$ G: ~, F w, [
5. Results (8 slides)
+ ?) K! N" ~3 O+ d+ N+ n7 n 6. Conclusion (1 slide), _; l; L# d! y0 @) R& F
7. Future Work (1 slide)
/ r" V; l# o: t0 L2 ] 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)/ S3 Y' l# P1 j2 a3 ]& X
9. Backup Slides
" _& M" M4 p4 j7 J _: r* q
8 G5 Y6 X/ L( {6 U5 ?% U" a举个例子：9 D6 C; l7 T0 {- _, V
) F& q! s, N( R; O, X g* P
（1）原则
9 q! p+ c2 U! \+ V5 Q* Z4 B, u2 n首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：# T: V9 g/ J: E
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...' O6 _* w- [8 [5 |( R
... Never over-estimate your audience...
9 E% ^$ h% R% D0 H( l是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。0 S. m& |+ U+ Z$ ?5 i
. P, y, u+ i$ h3 M5 R$ z( y5 k（2）结构
5 _4 x% U: ?9 p. `; R" T( t+ ]2 ~我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：) j( o. r$ ^. B+ w [7 Z
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1
# W7 S4 q6 q' A( w$ [以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：
! J% V. M& Y2 W8 Q8 n* [9 p6 J 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
4 |) Z {7 E7 w" J2 ^/ ] 2. Motivation (1 slide)3 _% N# f2 M5 G3 m& u8 v
3. Background (1 slide)
$ }7 q9 l2 d1 m7 N2 _ 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)6 c! c5 ? ]( }1 h0 X, g# }
5. Results (8 slides)
% L2 R" y+ Y" ~3 I 6. Conclusion (1 slide)5 g p; D h0 D) a! g
7. Future Work (1 slide)
' k# D$ Y5 l7 I/ L5 c: H 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
; l% F6 @) F/ H7 { 9. Backup Slides' v/ ~! x/ \. b& J% C* {
0 U4 v+ U) ?1 n, x/ c
几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：- N" \' R" z* o6 ^- G, `& I; H% I0 W
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。2 N* M0 ]; Z, I J- y/ S, p$ c
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
) e) S0 a" B+ p+ x5 F/ v- Oc. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。
, m2 X: i( e& @1 G& \% z0 Yd. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。9 g. L; M- [" [. x# U4 m5 ]
6 v" D$ Q% e3 l" ?
（3）讲故事
( M; I7 Y; J: U6 b _) e4 L也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。- R+ e* b; o+ K. r8 ~
' P0 I$ W# } _（4）风格
" ]# y$ G9 k: ]: H8 G我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。- e% Q- A8 d3 C, C
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
6 ?& A& d# n! R) p" ja. 字体: Aria narrow.
; D* G4 ?+ L% M- @6 A- G) x 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
% Y3 K: u. e$ c/ o9 Z) yb.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字* o' n! Y: A# S* i5 q9 K+ T. _% d
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。
' G, F5 q# |1 i# d; ?8 j6 g( B7 @& b" y8 \7 t
（5）画图
: D- Z; p4 W m; Y: @, z; i因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：
6 Z* W8 S. i$ ?$ `) m9 Ewww.52ocean.cn# [+ Z5 W: P1 X
8 B+ C& z+ ^: xRef：www.52ocean.cn0 [2 Z3 u/ G; G8 M( p. Q* v
/ o8 \7 V: Z O
( e! P* p6 i6 |7 x }9 N+ _/ d' j+ z! m
6 P9 T0 R; p5 o% `8 G& g% P |
