正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：
4 k$ u4 k; y2 ~' \5 H 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
+ T' ^" X# N. E3 w" a9 ^ 2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)% R$ X$ Y4 K/ l4 z! Y1 ]
3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
. c# B S% T: f, k 4. Background
$ D# A" e% }( g 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.) x3 T0 D/ G) M
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
3 ^* y2 @+ J- G7 T E: _- p% G3 d 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
' L1 u& \( X; {& q/ B* \ 5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
$ p p% x- Z* f) u2 w 6. Summary (1 slide) k0 g3 P7 B5 i7 D
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.
2 v- D) n% V' @! C. e! |- r 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)+ P0 Q4 t% _4 M( V. N/ X8 u2 L; Y) H
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简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
8 K( G% k& u7 U& h 2. Motivation (1 slide)# R6 F1 b$ q& ^, G' D- ?! o1 @+ M% y: l
3. Background (1 slide)6 r" ~: T* `/ g- |; d
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)- h# |) A" j$ B3 _8 [( l8 Z$ q; C3 C
5. Results (8 slides)$ @. Q4 W/ }, \" v
6. Conclusion (1 slide)* Q9 U& w7 m! }1 J5 ~4 b( k
7. Future Work (1 slide)% B3 g$ v: w* O* c
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
5 t! f5 R$ x5 q7 f5 p: \. e# ?4 M 9. Backup Slides
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% D# G" \8 l7 D$ B0 ~! o+ M! t' y举个例子：. E! o" m* s9 Z' K
. G+ @7 P6 }* s- O$ A（1）原则% z1 T- p J; r9 R S. [
首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
% U0 x2 a: Z9 k/ gAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
- t/ l( v: u2 C' u% j* w... Never over-estimate your audience...
# c$ W$ R* h" v$ E' [是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。$ q% c! `6 V; k
9 ^$ \+ I+ d( h4 h# D6 O（2）结构0 c- F( J$ N! }5 u
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：' |: m4 ^: |! j
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1
. k1 \) K \+ ~& Z以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：4 H% V8 S2 }0 x" E" u- ~$ y8 H6 H
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
3 r* Q1 d) f2 D5 ^$ Q 2. Motivation (1 slide)
~6 F% a6 {1 I; q9 E% ^ 3. Background (1 slide)
; @: R. @3 c( P1 \0 E4 } O, B% D 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)& s. {) ~4 F) a, I. Q1 i- M2 k
5. Results (8 slides); g9 S- y& P% i0 N: w4 H' i: A- W, q
6. Conclusion (1 slide)1 s$ d* L" M( F. z* a/ `) i6 K
7. Future Work (1 slide)8 K; P' Y. Q$ c
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
% r3 A: Q9 F7 Z. q: n2 c 9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：
8 g* J* N8 c$ l' [9 N. o; Ca. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。* N( K& A. g, J4 k! Y1 f
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。- \/ G6 M+ D! o3 L
c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。
N" _. ^( i9 W. Z( o6 e2 K- gd. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。6 X* w2 T- \1 \6 S" m
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（3）讲故事$ b, [' {1 \+ {2 u8 [1 ^2 K2 c4 u
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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（4）风格
6 L; e+ A. _- g, c# y我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。% P6 ~3 Q: f: t3 g, S9 Z# y7 a, S
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
& j+ F2 N) ^8 \; F# la. 字体: Aria narrow.3 S m# n9 {/ P( {9 O8 v
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
3 h# u/ t, f: z0 `: \% j+ c1 ]% w( Q3 K: Jb.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字
0 F8 t+ B. ?3 }c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。( E& h+ }% ]9 U
5 S S. M- L; O（5）画图
, }) X* o5 i. l8 [6 i因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：3 D. R% ~+ V& N5 G5 c, I. W1 O
www.52ocean.cn$ t5 p: b, N4 _
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Ref：www.52ocean.cn
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