正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：
' A5 a* m+ q/ Z) n; I0 u! @4 w: X 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)9 k& r, [* N4 s- Q
2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)+ K% ]/ Q4 r0 b) ~5 N, _
3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)% J& D/ ~0 ~, V$ e2 k. ~
4. Background& j, S2 ]4 [2 a7 V2 L& D1 q6 K8 K# M
4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
" k2 Z) S+ q5 c8 v# y2 j 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
* y( a- l- l# m+ O' z5 n 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
4 h/ S7 K, w/ l% T8 w. D& @ r+ i% s 5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.) Y, t2 h) o# X) n
6. Summary (1 slide)1 f( [7 @- v) g& k$ W: r% }
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.
1 _3 s6 \- ]( m% e7 {% M, n 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
; R% I3 ^, ^8 x 2. Motivation (1 slide) N' U! }; f8 A" y2 w) V
3. Background (1 slide)
$ ^' X' B# o: C) C4 X8 w4 K 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)' p+ @ v) E- ^7 t
5. Results (8 slides)
: w5 M. x. R( y; A8 e5 s( r, { 6. Conclusion (1 slide)
+ a- l3 J3 W- A. d8 V- o 7. Future Work (1 slide)
7 _9 r0 Q5 |- K* r7 \ 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)( y$ K& f$ Z' e6 p" \7 @
9. Backup Slides- w7 v5 G8 y2 q+ R" L
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举个例子：
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（1）原则
) {7 ]6 w l# b7 h+ S1 i首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
1 C' Y2 V6 O% uAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...% y( _9 O& {6 X8 ]
... Never over-estimate your audience..., |4 {! p' U+ _; c: A& x" ]
是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。
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' D4 g7 A9 T, {0 g* p6 Q; K/ [（2）结构
$ ]5 I- A7 \2 E! D3 F. n0 w/ O我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
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5 x/ g, Q( J* a6 ~0 R以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：
) J- c9 t: G2 n8 d; B 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
& I' X, x d: }3 y B: r 2. Motivation (1 slide)
( S: {8 L$ a/ o5 m 3. Background (1 slide)
6 _) Q" @+ |, `1 M5 Z% X, x 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)* M, [' D9 S1 j9 V9 ^. r
5. Results (8 slides)
9 _$ {8 P3 S% }7 L 6. Conclusion (1 slide)! o u* `& F" e8 t
7. Future Work (1 slide)
- L4 B2 |0 K; }& k+ _. p1 n) K! D- ]& u 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)% p9 |8 c* r5 y: H9 z# K) G
9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：) V4 F" }: y) i$ g& c! s- b/ `, Z
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。+ s' P& K, @# k$ V
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。 ^! x1 _$ _& B/ }
c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。
0 L! ^, R+ R; ]& U3 Q$ q2 ad. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。0 ]! u. }* L4 C; k
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（3）讲故事
' Z8 H0 F/ L8 e, \3 |/ [也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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0 M/ o& C0 t: [7 f# ~（4）风格5 E( Q, q1 c6 q, Q. Y+ O$ ]9 Z. m
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。; [, i( q% q7 Z2 P+ V- d# j
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
* _: T( l8 @2 G. b. ma. 字体: Aria narrow.
- s7 I8 D+ Z4 J 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
& g& w x3 E( c" w# @b.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字
/ I$ k: Z4 a3 D- a( Ec. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。" Q6 P8 q: D: u( F+ b! Y1 b# t: Q
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（5）画图
, t" g' E" \8 c5 Z因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：. R+ |3 b" d) E' Q2 W) a. {0 t
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