正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：
, H7 g Z1 Y$ g" T5 [ w 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
4 T% r3 N" F0 ]. d) W 2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)9 O) a! ^2 a: p9 k+ g
3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)" e/ I# p. D" a& ^ T
4. Background0 O4 l/ o/ f$ X
4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)% _4 b+ Q) c7 d3 o$ e
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
1 E7 Z1 H# B. u5 Q; A. ^& N 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.2 r! C$ B" F7 c8 N5 z. I3 l
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
0 T. O7 ?( }5 O* |0 V. q" \ 6. Summary (1 slide), b4 R" x/ M7 I( g
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.9 a t v ^) p' C! k
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
# y- \7 Z; k3 b2 }/ e: s 2. Motivation (1 slide)
" X2 F( S8 J; P8 N* R 3. Background (1 slide)" V$ K- u& _. r
4. Hypothesis (1 slide). ^$ D& j4 z9 z: Y: N+ @
5. Results (8 slides)
( r0 a% Q6 A. U5 U$ \ C7 r* k 6. Conclusion (1 slide)
9 U1 a+ c$ K2 v3 S1 M6 L 7. Future Work (1 slide)
$ k' ^3 o" t9 r 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
% R+ n; t s+ F6 c2 x( L0 V 9. Backup Slides Z$ _1 R% Y1 G2 X" Q% n
! _6 |" Z7 [1 a* D/ L2 s举个例子：0 P) a5 O6 @% k2 y
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（1）原则/ a% y1 o, ?) F
首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
2 m8 \' q4 C0 FAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
3 v9 u4 E, d6 N' K1 `; ]... Never over-estimate your audience...
2 G* g, E& T( @/ m( [8 ]* P是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。' V$ v8 X8 R4 y) E0 t3 |: P( o
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（2）结构" D! h) z+ H4 i, S5 [6 `; z; K; ~
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
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以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：
" D7 d' e1 ?" | 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
: l6 n' p, P% o2 g; S+ | Z 2. Motivation (1 slide)& B8 Z6 ]1 t# q9 y9 V# w" O
3. Background (1 slide); E; b( U2 N+ j" U+ E
4. Hypothesis (1 slide) q0 @, x- O3 [! u
5. Results (8 slides)
0 t" E1 ^( @" A/ `- L 6. Conclusion (1 slide)8 y) v" o% [! a1 q y+ n" X
7. Future Work (1 slide)- Q8 |3 @% |% h
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)4 ?; j% P( C2 d% V: k! a
9. Backup Slides) k4 D. e! n4 n& X2 ?
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：
9 n9 [0 w/ ]- e$ Sa. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。/ C- l6 q7 U2 b1 Z' w9 e( o
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。6 x Q# Q' ~. n) H
c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。$ j+ C- I% D+ V! A
d. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。/ a) ~" ^/ D* Z& B# k) o! Z( E
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（3）讲故事6 X; X/ o S5 s( g# j2 P4 W
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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（4）风格+ y1 }. w$ s- V7 `& Z( T! N6 r
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
- D6 I2 i: P& M9 J同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
3 q0 O9 j- R0 w2 za. 字体: Aria narrow.) u/ @, J7 Z6 h% M5 I% _
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18$ @! q$ }) u7 j; l( ]
b.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字$ }) L& g6 ]) {& b k
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。' B: E- C) m9 {% x5 d( [
/ g: z: U7 N* c9 f+ l* H; [（5）画图. X) a, }' ^7 S- g% d+ t* m
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：
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- T8 v! @# X/ q* I- R* k, ?2 x# N+ bRef：www.52ocean.cn/ w4 Y" [; |2 C+ P" n
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