正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：
0 |1 Y2 E& }/ r# o 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
% v( w U, {/ b/ a! i( c, R 2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.): h/ G; O% h" \8 ?* \* x4 I" H
3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)4 v/ h+ U% j/ I, f' b
4. Background
& c( Z3 H# f' y" a# K, f 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)% Q6 L. r9 K8 V" w3 w0 I' m& G
4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
0 u+ r8 s. X. E5 F 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.! o# {2 v& l- {: J5 v( G
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
' a: ~5 G9 H3 _ 6. Summary (1 slide)/ n2 ?* w0 T! D7 j% Y% w8 ?# V" }) |& ^' [
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.
* Y$ c% R: W9 H9 r 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)9 e0 L" B; c4 }: {0 Z
* e" A4 }5 ]* K& ~, n简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
2 _! e3 X9 ?! J+ |% E X 2. Motivation (1 slide)
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4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
! ?( ~6 W* f( V I/ a! w 5. Results (8 slides)
4 o7 `/ b7 g# d* C 6. Conclusion (1 slide)% \7 w3 {# ^3 c$ S5 e2 ^' a
7. Future Work (1 slide). R. W$ P* g+ \- X: x' @1 R
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
& \% |, t& K# U" b 9. Backup Slides+ {3 T- ~& b3 c* ^
; [$ Q4 F5 ^2 B2 O举个例子：
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2 l% o5 t# j% ]. v4 |（1）原则6 l. ?3 m. K. T8 L# k
首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
7 W6 _! W* l2 T# M! rAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end..., ?2 X; d. h( y- ~7 H7 Q* T* [8 Y
... Never over-estimate your audience...
. F1 l4 a8 K, L是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。
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（2）结构! a$ T& x6 N* w
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：! s( P3 }# a5 e& ~2 I/ G
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1" G8 ]; x$ M z# n7 p
以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：
, d6 p) H0 q4 a; ^; c6 O 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)+ e$ |" }- M5 r. _
2. Motivation (1 slide)% ]$ H) F; G) d, b( y2 z$ \
3. Background (1 slide)* G1 H% K# x3 p( J$ K, x3 r1 {: H
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
) d6 }: I7 j% x. q 5. Results (8 slides)* z. S8 g- x1 M; A8 Y
6. Conclusion (1 slide); ~. ^3 h) _9 p1 r
7. Future Work (1 slide)
# w8 G! X; y& S3 c 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
7 a9 Y* K( `7 }1 N4 l& r 9. Backup Slides
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( B0 F$ l" q& n" i6 g; C9 u几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：" W' h# h4 Y, p# c
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
% L) f8 ]$ Z% _' V8 f* Sb. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。2 C/ M, ]1 E( M0 y
c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。3 b: l* N) {, ~5 a, E- J" r4 o
d. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。' Z& D8 H1 J5 u
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（3）讲故事. A$ H+ ? S$ e* o4 D; }
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。) ~) ^& C$ ? N7 t( t: w
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（4）风格# o& \2 ], \: ?: F; j
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
4 ^$ ]& I- X9 X$ C同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
2 x/ b) ^: U7 Z! W1 E% Q% ^ E) oa. 字体: Aria narrow.
3 P% k/ X9 n. T 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18. ]( j. E" S0 X% y) i& \# O
b.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字, `8 O: c! k) ~; ~9 v3 O! O
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。
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) B9 Z! w0 ?3 f2 O# A（5）画图
( L, u+ a! o! V因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：% V0 T, h# O1 s
www.52ocean.cn* O9 g/ H! g. \' _! i" L s# E5 L
% R, M' u5 m gRef：www.52ocean.cn7 E* `, a E5 l# X4 o
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