TED|扩大海洋保护的巧妙建议 - 沿海海洋保护计划

这天 · 发表于海洋科普 2024-4-24 09:17:17

An ingenious proposal for scaling up marine protection

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Ah, earths oceans. They are beautiful, inspiring, life-sustaining. They are also, as youre probably quite aware, more or less screwed.

啊，地球的海洋。它们美丽广阔，启发灵感，养育生命。同时，它们又如你所了解的那样，或多或少受到了破坏。

In the Seychelles, for example, human activities and climate change have left corals bleached. Overfishing has caused fish stocks to plummet. Biodiversity is in peril. So what can we do? Well, some form of protection, obviously.

例如，在非洲的塞舌尔群岛，人类的活动和气候的变化导致了珊瑚褪色，过度的捕捞鱼类，导致鱼群数量的剧减。生物多样性受到了严重的威胁。那么我们能做些什么呢？好吧，显然需要采取一些保护措施。

Nature is very resilient. When marine areas are strategically protected, entire ecosystems can bounce back. However, creating marine protected areas isnt easy. First, you have the issue of figuring out where to protect. This coral reef overlaps with that international fishing route, intersects with this fish hatchery. Everything is interconnected. And marine protection plans must take into account how one area affects another.

自然有着很强的自愈力。当在海洋地区实施战略性的保护措施，整个生态系统将会再次恢复平衡。然而，实施海洋保护措施并不容易。首先，你需要找出需要保护的确切位置，当珊瑚礁与国际公海捕鱼区重叠，又与这个鱼类孵化区相交。每一片区域都紧密相连，海洋保护计划必须考虑到各个区域之间的影响。

Then, theres the issue of getting everyone on board. Coastal economies often rely on fishing andtourism. If people think they cant do their work, theres no chance of getting the local buy-in you need for the area to be successful.

其次，需要考虑如何让大家加入这个计划，沿海经济往往依赖于捕鱼和旅游业，如果人们觉得他们不能继续他们的工作，那么就不可能让当地人在此地区来帮助你成功达成这个计划，

Marine protected areas must also be enforced. That means the government itself must be deeply invested in the plan. Token support will not cut it. And finally, conservation requires money. A lot of it. Governments in island and coastal nations may want to protect their waters, but often these nations have very high debt and cant afford to prioritize conservation. If we rely on philanthropic dollars alone to fund marine protection, we might get a small marine-protected area here, another little one there. But we need more marine protected areas faster, to have lasting impact.

海洋保护区也必须强制执行，这意味着政府必须在这个计划上加大投入，象征性的支持是毫无作用的。最后，自然环境的保护需要资金。很多资金支持。各个岛国及沿海国家的政府或许想要保护他们的水域，但是这些国家经常因为负担过高的债务，而不能优先考虑环境的保护。如果我们仅仅依赖于人道组织的捐款来支持海洋保护的事宜，那么我们可能只能保护这边或者那边的一小片海域。但是我们需要加快创造出更多的海洋保护区，并实现长期的影响。

So what exactly does smart ocean conservation look like? How do we get the money, government support and careful planning that takes into account both local economies and complex ecosystems?

所以，创新海洋保护计划到底是怎样的呢？我们要怎么样才能获得资金，政府的支持，以及把所有当地经济体和复杂的生态系统进行周密的计划呢？

We want to share with you an audacious idea from The Nature Conservancy. It seeks to address all of these things in one fell swoop. Theyve realized that debt held by island and coastal nations is the very thing that will enable them to achieve their conservation goals. TNCs idea is to restructure this debt, to generate the funds and political will to protect reefs, mangroves and fisheries.

我们想与你分享一个的大胆想法，由自然保护协会提出（TheNatureConservancy）。它期待能够一举解决所有的这些问题，他们发现各个岛国及沿海国家持有的债务其实是他们实现环境保护目标的关键。大自然保护协会（TNC）的想法是重建这些债务，以获得资金以及保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业的政治意愿。

For example, if you refinance your house to take advantage of a better interest rate, maybe you use the savings to insulate your attic. Thats what Blue Bonds for Conservation do for entire coastal countries. Refinance the debt, then use the savings to create marine protected areas. Of course, sovereign debt restructuring is more complicated than that, but you get the basic idea. If investors put in 40 million dollars now, it can unlock as much as 1.6 billion for ocean conservation.

举个例子，如果你想因低利率融资你的房子，你可以用省下的钱来隔热你的阁楼。这就是“蓝色环保债券倡议（BlueBondsforConservation）”为了所有沿海国家设想的。债务再融资，然后用存款来创造海洋保护区，当然主权债务重组要比这更复杂，但是现在你有了基本的概念。如果投资者现在投入4,000万美元，它可以为海洋保护解开多达16亿美元。

And this is how the work gets done. Step one: negotiate the deal. A coastal nation commits to protect at least 30 percent of its ocean areas. In exchange, The Nature Conservancy bring investors, public funders and international development organizations to the table to restructure a portion of the nations debt, leading to lower interest rates and longer repayment periods.

下面是我们将如何实现。第一步：协商交易。一个沿海国家承诺保护至少其管辖范围30%的海域。作为交换，自然保护协会将会联合投资者、公共资助者，以及国际发展组织机构一同重组国家债务的一部分比率，从而降低利率，延长还款期限。

Step two: create a marine plan. Simultaneously, The Nature Conservancy works with marine scientists, government leaders and local stakeholders to create a detailed conservation plan that integrates the needs of the ocean with the needs of the people.

第二步：制定一个海洋计划。与此同时，自然保护协会将会与海洋学家，政府负责人以及当地的利益相关者来制定一个详细的保护计划，计划将同时考虑海洋与人们的需求。

Step three: activate for longevity. TNC establishes an independently run conservation trust fund. The savings from the debt restructure goes into it to support new marine protected areas. The trust then holds the government accountable forits commitments, ensuring that the Blue Bonds finance real protection efforts.

第三步：激活其可持续性。自然保护协会团队建立了一个独立运作的自然保护信托基金，债务重组节省下来的资金将会被投入其中，用以保护那些新的海洋保护区域。信托基金可以促使政府对其承诺负责，确保蓝色债券为真正的保护努力提高资金。

Could this plan work? It already has. In 2016, TNC helped create a national conservation plan in the Seychelles. TNC restructured 22 million dollars of the governments debt. And in exchange, the government agreed to protect 30 percent of its marine areas. Today, the Seychelles is on track to protect 400,000 square kilometers of ocean. Thats an area roughly the size of Germany. The Seychelles is protecting its coral reefs, its replenishing its fisheries, its improving its resilience to climate change. At the same time, its strengthening its economy.

这个计划行得通吗？它已经起作用了。在2016年，自然保护协会团队在塞舌尔群岛帮助制定了一个国家自然保护计划。团队重建了2,200万美元的政府负债。作为交换，政府同意保护其管辖海洋的30%海域。今天，塞舌尔群岛正在实现保护其40万平方公里的海域。这大约相当于一个德国的面积。塞舌尔群岛正在保护着它的珊瑚礁，它在不断补充它的渔业发展，也提高了它应对气候变化的适应性。同时，海洋保护加强了它经济的发展。

This success is making other governments take note. Many want to be part of this. Theres an opportunity to scale this up, dramatically. And fast. TNC has identified 20 more nations where such a plan should be possible. But to execute, they need seed capital. And to put in place local teams who can develop conservation plans, work with all the stakeholders and structure the deals. If they get the support they need over the next five years, they could protect four million square kilometers of ocean. Thats 10 Germanies.

这样的成功正在吸引其他国家政府的注意，很多政府想要加入这项提案。这是一个显著地、迅速地扩大其规模影响力的好机会。自然保护协会团队已经识别出了超过20个国家有望实现这个计划，但是需要真正执行，他们需要本金，并且建立当地可以制定保护计划的团队，来与所有利益相关者合作，及达成相关协议。如果在未来的五年，他们能获得所需，这些国家将能够保护400万平方公里的海洋。那相当于10个德国的面积。

This would increase the amount of protected areas in all of the worlds oceans by an incredible 15 percent. It would allow vast tracks of the worlds coral reefs to replenish and give safe harbor to countless species. This would be truly incredible. And its really just the beginning. Because there arent 20 countries in the world where this kind of debt conversion would work. There are almost 100.

这会不可思议地提高至少15%全世界范围内受保护海洋区域的数量。它能够使全世界正在消逝的珊瑚礁重获新生，为无数的海洋生物提供安全的港湾。这项提案将是非凡的，然而这真的只是一个开始，因为在整个世界里，我们不仅仅只有20个国家能够去实现这样的债务转换，我们至少有近100个国家。

With this approach, everyone wins. Governments, local citizens, funders, and most importantly, our oceans. So in fact, we all win. Ah, earths oceans.

用这样的方式，所有人都会受益。政府，人民，投资者，最重要的，我们的海洋。所以事实上，我们都会受益。啊，地球的海洋。

原文及翻译