海洋工程八个关键问题发布 - 什么是海洋测量工程

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提出好问题通常是引领革命性突破的起点。克雷数学研究所提出的世界七大数学难题和2021年在上海交通大学125周年庆典上发布的125个开放性问题是很好的例子,它们在数学、科学和技术领域推动了巨大发展。海洋工程对人类的未来变得越来越重要。在海洋工程领域,哪些问题是最具挑战性的,可能在未来取得重大突破呢?

为了庆祝上海交通大学船舶与海洋工程学科建设80周年,海洋工程国家重点实验室(SKLOE)的科学家和研究人员在广泛交流和深入讨论后,提出了八个关键海洋工程问题(Open questions),希望海洋工程界对此给予更多的关注,共同努力,推动海洋工程的持续发展。廖世俊海洋工程国家重点实验室主任海洋工程国家重点实验室发布的海洋工程八个关键问题 6 m3 O' O3 a9 C. C

Eight Key Open Questions in Ocean Engineering

问题一:如何证明或证伪湍流的统计稳定性?Question 1: Whether does the statistical stability of turbulent flows exist or not?5 \8 }) s; e! {! M. n3 T, x

The famous Lorenz model comes from the Navier-Stokes equations. This fact indicates that turbulent flows should have close relationships with chaos. Currently, it has been discovered that there exists such kind of chaotic systems, namely ultra-chaos, whose statistic results are unstable, i.e. rather sensitive to small disturbance. For an ultra-chaotic system, it is impossible to repeat any results of physical experiments and/or numerical simulations, since physical or numerical disturbance always exist. Note that reproducibility is a cornerstone of modern science, thus the current paradigm of our modern scientific researches might be invalid for an ultra-chaotic system. Therefore, it is very important to know whether solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations and/or other mathematical models about turbulent flows are stable in statistical meaning or not.   

$ |$ j; {9 z3 e/ w3 Z! u& h: R 问题二:如何利用人工智能精确求解海洋工程中强非线性水动力学问题?Question 2: How to use AI to efficiently solve highly nonlinear hydrodynamic problems in ocean engineering with satisfied accuracy? , I! p( S" k$ q, N

Due to the so-called “curse of dimensionality”, it is very difficult to solve highly nonlinear hydrodynamic problems in ocean engineering by means of the first-principle-based methods. Currently, some highly nonlinear problems have been successfully solved by means of AI.  Can AI provide us a way based on a large amount of data and combination of first-principle-based methods to efficiently solve highly nonlinear hydrodynamic problems in ocean engineering with satisfied accuracy? 

问题三:水动力环境是如何影响海洋声波非线性传播的?Question 3: What are the influences of hydrodynamic environments on the nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves in the ocean? v2 a! `4 j0 U& C( E1 I# J

The variations of water density, temperature and sound speed along the depth in deep seas, and the variations of the seabed bathymetry in shallow waters are the major sources inducing the nonlinear effects of acoustic wave propagation. To investigate the interactions among the acoustic waves and the hydrodynamic waves and vortices, it is needed to compare with the above-mentioned sources, and to specify the interesting frequency range and scenarios that the hydrodynamic-action induced nonlinear effects of acoustic wave propagation are of practical importance.

4 ?) e3 {- G- K4 T+ p% d" J 问题四:如何发展用于海洋无人运载器设计的新理念和新方法?Question 4:How to develop new principles and methodologies for designing unmanned maritime vehicles?) \6 |( F# {/ ~/ Z8 \ n

As unmanned maritime vehicles gain increasing popularity in military missions and scientific research, the corresponding design principles and methodologies need to be innovated continuously to promote its adaptability and autonomy. One prominent design principle is modularity, which, contrary to devising the prototype as a whole, focuses on sketching the draft of specific parts and the roadmap of assembling, thereby enhancing adaptability to various missions without major redesign efforts. Another significant trend of design principle in fulfillment of high autonomy is the embedment of intelligence into hardware design, which leverages the evolved morphologies and materials to satisfy requirements directly from autonomous systems instead of human interactions.  Moreover, in the future, engineers may interact with the trained “artificial designing brain” through natural language to generate, testify, and iterate the envisioned designs, with the help of machine learning models of massive parameters and complex structure. 

. x! u4 Z' a4 m4 R4 R 问题五:如何进一步提高缩尺模型试验结果转换到实尺度的准确性?Question 5:How to improve the accuracy of converting scaled model experiment results to full-scale data.1 P! Q( G2 k+ j! R

Historically, the fields of naval architecture and ocean engineering have relied on a combination of scale model testing and the law of similarity to predict the performances of full-scale vessels. Although the scaling effects on accuracy of such extrapolation methods were discovered almost as soon as they were proposed, their use is still very important in the absence of more precise alternatives. For a long time, people have been attempting to explore the reasons for the uncertainty of similarity laws based on computational fluid dynamics, scale model tests and full-scale ship measurement data. How to achieve necessary accurate prediction of full-scale ship performances based on the data of scale model tests through theoretical advancements needs to be solved in naval architecture and ocean engineering.

6 W" `$ o0 N% W, s3 X% ` 问题六:如何通过原位测量技术和精确时空反演算法来获取海洋环境条件与载荷?Question 6: How to accurately sense or infer ocean environments and loads using advanced sensing technology and inverse engineering?3 D+ i+ I( E# |; `

Ships and offshore structures are subject to different kinds of environmental loads due to waves, current, wind, ice, etc. During conceptual study of a new design, the main environmental loads which affect its structural safety and global performance are usually determined and derived from theoretical methods and/or model-scale tests in water or ice basins, which suffer from uncertainties as the result of idealizations and scalability issues. It remains as a big challenge how to measure and back-calculate external environmental loads, such as ice loads, in temporal and spatial domain with high precision based on in-situ structural responses and global motions of marine structures. The main difficulties include: a) advanced sensing technology for direct and indirect measurement of environmental loads and structural responses; b) inverse engineering inference of the dynamic environmental loads based on motion and structural response measurement; c) inverse engineering inference of the environmental characteristic parameters based on motion and structural response measurement; d) inference of the whole-body environmental load distribution based on spatially sparse measurement.

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问题七:如何发展低成本、高效率海洋可再生能源开发利用技术?

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Question 7: How to develop the technologies for low-cost and high-efficiency utilization of marine renewable energies? ) z$ N; B4 V$ H6 ~; E5 P& O( E/ P

Marine renewable energies, including offshore wind, wave, marine and tidal current energies, as well as energies from ocean thermal and salinity gradients, are important resources for the large-scale and world-wide utilization of renewable energies in the era of green shift. Developing cost-effective solutions for industrialization through up-scaling and optimization is the ultimate goal. Due to the complexities in aerodynamics, hydrodynamics and structural dynamics at the individual turbine and farm levels, efficient yet accurate computer simulation tools and experimental techniques need to be further developed, validated against field data and implemented in design analysis for engineering projects. Marine and tidal current turbines and wave energy converters need to be advanced from concepts to MW-scale demonstrations and the key technologies and equipment for high power efficiency and survivability still need to be developed. A reliable and low-cost supply chain is also needed for the commercial development of all marine renewable energies.  

( m- g) q8 z1 ] ?$ u/ R& n 问题八:未来船舶主要的能源、动力系统和推进方式是什么?Question 8: What are the dominant energy, power and propulsion systems for shipping in the future?   ( s1 l0 w5 `* l7 R+ F' y

There have been three propulsion revolutions in the shipping’s history, symbolized by widespread applications of sails, steam engines and diesel engines. While occurrence of the three shipping propulsion revolutions is attributed to meet individuals’ needs or seek for higher voyage speed and lower fuel consumption, the fourth revolution is gradually coming in the 21st century as a breakthrough from individuals’ needs to common benefits of whole human beings for sustainable development. This revolution will be featured by development of green low- or zero-carbon power systems and energy diversification for various application scenario. A variety of potential low- or zero-carbon energy, power and propulsion systems such as liquefied natural gas, green methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, on-board carbon capture and storage etc. are being paid close attention. While intensive developments are ongoing at worldwide institutions, disruptive technologies that can dominate the future shipping’s propulsion are expected.   

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请点击文末“阅读原文”查阅Eight Key Open Questions in Ocean Engineering原文

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