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如何20分钟做出科研报告?

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正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:& `) ^; Q) M' z9 G- x
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)$ `0 }% w7 B9 |
    2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
; F/ O5 Z& _; h3 e    3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
1 v3 F) s8 ?& R, @- U+ V* S    4. Background
% G! ]& |9 K! L. U9 ]' q        4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
) r2 b4 A: |9 \$ w8 ^/ L        4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
; e/ o, h9 g/ [0 p' ?  |% b        4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.6 C' I7 ]& ?* G& c- @  O" M; _* \% F
    5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.). \' J( V9 ], ~& P  z9 w! Y9 a& e) `
    6. Summary (1 slide)# i9 m" ?9 }$ H9 E! Z
    7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up." [6 |4 U% i% ?' U8 i9 J0 i; s$ T: q8 z  e
    8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版:
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)+ A; s7 U: l" o1 V. I6 u9 v
    2. Motivation (1 slide)
( G5 x, D8 H  R  w  @    3. Background (1 slide)0 Y- d3 o& Z' q0 }, G4 O
    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
6 p5 @+ ?' Y6 N" T4 S    5. Results (8 slides)
8 Y% H1 n; f& G0 p  @3 F    6. Conclusion (1 slide)/ h3 J& y+ ~7 G! t6 I
    7. Future Work (1 slide)' e* \! e0 _% Y' a. b* \+ d9 A2 K2 [
    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
: ?& t+ x4 t) E( |; H/ \" y    9. Backup Slides* X& b  A# E4 F8 _
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举个例子:0 R7 U4 ^* L6 J/ A, E' P) ~: L- R5 {* s

* Y5 |- Q( ~; v4 D' Y: r4 C9 Y(1)原则
" v% ~# x# G6 @0 s首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:8 Q4 U5 x, @" W5 D- |; N
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...9 [8 x0 M. i* P  v  F, Y
... Never over-estimate your audience...# H3 f) c: w/ }
是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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(2)结构
! W# c+ i8 G/ ~我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:
2 v2 D  h+ Q/ c4 S; i( l. rhttp://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1% o# E( E8 G# C8 r6 @% J0 k
以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:( L. R4 X4 e2 n; a$ P
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)4 i! [4 C" y) j+ R( G
    2. Motivation (1 slide)
7 p8 m, y" M* U8 A, I3 A1 I6 n    3. Background (1 slide)1 j, `( G# J4 q
    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
5 C5 N/ n- D/ Y+ K    5. Results (8 slides)  k0 O: {$ ]1 p& Y
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)
( `5 g6 W# p! ^& B2 z6 m    7. Future Work (1 slide); B% }- v% V4 j. |/ {4 T4 z
    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
% T: r! s2 w: @+ `6 y    9. Backup Slides# t) G8 T3 j/ M3 h* n. {  G
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:+ V" K0 Y# _' c! O9 D6 p& V
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
4 {$ V+ t5 h' n# t& u  n' Xb. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。+ H+ q! `1 g4 x+ x0 o+ `
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。" |6 k% m7 [' N+ ]0 |
d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。
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; f' |: _5 q1 W* \7 l/ ?# m2 |(3)讲故事: [2 I% M# J0 k6 x9 S
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。! l) ?9 g& |: _9 s. h. S7 V7 k

6 Y, P- k4 C  t+ A(4)风格3 n# L: b/ y2 j2 R
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。5 \- y' @7 I/ T' p/ }- ?+ [, B; n
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:$ f1 _4 m- k& e8 j$ |
a. 字体: Aria narrow.; R" r! ?) Z7 ?/ Z
   
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
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b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字# d: t! ?2 a- j6 I
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事4 c3 ]# s& F$ X

7 R' t1 E; T: R3 x(5)画图
/ @* [7 c- b8 V  z' h7 e2 |: O, A因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:: W9 M: n  }& V8 x1 W
www.52ocean.cn. o, r$ i& c3 s7 _: L) a/ G

$ o9 t# n" L9 k: c% lRef:www.52ocean.cn8 n8 M, B# K/ E  y

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