正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：$ A7 H. D: }' G
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)7 M* i% m# R: o$ `+ o
2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)* J9 p3 i; l0 y. l f
3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.), s$ W5 K0 Z- Z, N
4. Background
7 P( c+ k% L, z4 n0 @/ _ 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
: g2 Q, X# T: o: z( `1 S 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.3 h) ^" P) _- H/ f& [1 @+ S& G$ k
4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
1 l/ d2 u, K* V9 }" E8 W 5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
; X5 d" F. t. h4 r( | 6. Summary (1 slide)6 c, ~4 j) E a/ H4 ^ g
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.
* l9 r5 ]/ z- g. m 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)) f) x2 q) z4 E3 f' h6 N9 _
2. Motivation (1 slide)( Q( ^ _) H4 [. |- K6 e$ i/ _
3. Background (1 slide)
* j" g* w' v+ D 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
. N% ~) ?- z; G1 t, _1 k M 5. Results (8 slides)& G% m7 G6 c, s0 X
6. Conclusion (1 slide)& j9 I, C: i9 p8 L: ]8 K4 J
7. Future Work (1 slide)- D+ @* U+ U: k9 T9 P! O, U; n1 u) w) k
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
/ y: ^3 i! I( F2 k) V# l 9. Backup Slides
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举个例子：
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（1）原则
1 D2 [* N; d4 f$ e$ C( c首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：8 K+ q. S( I7 R
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
; k# `3 x" J: D, M+ |! K... Never over-estimate your audience.... o: i0 u6 |& T1 L0 j. N; i+ G
是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。9 g# G" A1 Q: W9 C( ~
& G: A) A+ X2 ?& A. I2 P9 g（2）结构
% `# \$ z0 U& A9 ]7 M" m: i我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
7 p' x. s! v# U# F) v" \, chttp://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1 N1 A( \- L+ X# x& k
以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：
0 R2 y" ~7 l$ C 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)% L2 B# H7 T" l: t$ Y
2. Motivation (1 slide)3 T& \; V7 X& J7 n3 w4 W4 ?
3. Background (1 slide)
; m+ s1 [! H1 @. b6 _0 l V 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)" W% d6 t9 g7 ]& X
5. Results (8 slides)
6 B" P | I( V, _ 6. Conclusion (1 slide)9 V u, g7 X& ~- G% ?
7. Future Work (1 slide)) }4 j: @) Z" S' G
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
/ ~7 Y( L: d! T 9. Backup Slides, R" ~* g6 s- l5 Q
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：
$ a( ^' I4 h. r0 j6 ga. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。8 e5 m1 e2 q) |+ C7 R
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。% f) V- e5 i! ? e) I6 y
c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。2 j1 W: r% y' K$ k; S/ P
d. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。6 X! e3 L; S% c& b2 u7 n& M
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（3）讲故事
& f8 ~" z, F: f, y0 b% {也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。2 u$ v' {: ]# m3 _4 z; k% i
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（4）风格
5 U. A1 w9 G* m2 ?0 _' v% ?我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
4 f4 Z) H+ ]4 t# `! X5 P3 a同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
. o' P1 d* X( n" b6 Qa. 字体: Aria narrow.+ e$ o( O% B6 Y9 Y' W
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
. G% d4 X Y/ Z2 }b.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字
7 I7 t& h- P G. nc. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。$ L _0 i9 ^+ y- G5 J) O9 W
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（5）画图* U5 t, J( m' ~2 q! d L. E, g
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：% _4 s2 a* q* G
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l4 m. J: w7 ]+ @Ref：www.52ocean.cn2 x" [. n$ r% w
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