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如何20分钟做出科研报告?

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正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:2 D) O% I" a& e
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
/ |/ ~: k5 C8 ?4 t1 ~) W) M    2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)$ p. c- s( A6 Z
    3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)2 _3 w% [6 e2 G& ?* O
    4. Background$ n7 b' M  R2 G+ d4 w0 G
        4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)2 h& n* l( o6 n4 h7 z: l$ l
        4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.9 e* N. F. h# ?
        4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.5 {" [# F  _1 g9 {- L7 @' g/ Q
    5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
" c# F& n& F. y) e1 p& h, k9 o; r    6. Summary (1 slide)5 u5 {2 `/ ?) Q) V% R
    7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.% X, O1 q$ I* x$ b, t! D4 M" y
    8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.). \( h& |! w2 ~; \

. L: j) D* x, G4 G2 p  k简洁版:
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide); L* b2 k% f. m+ `* e4 J
    2. Motivation (1 slide)4 j& b0 j$ u/ N! U# l$ |5 i+ b2 E2 ]
    3. Background (1 slide); z9 G7 C" ?; k7 m9 i. F
    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)4 E9 j3 q% `* j. O# B! f  i
    5. Results (8 slides)
1 S! `4 @) u1 ]$ r% \    6. Conclusion (1 slide)& a8 Q$ D/ N2 V: ?5 t
    7. Future Work (1 slide)
7 A* W2 ^; R& ]3 s6 T    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)1 Q" r1 D, u4 J8 w
    9. Backup Slides4 a3 n* |# ]2 g" O9 v4 Q( Y

9 {4 {( v- y' s8 j9 D) L; F举个例子:
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, o$ [4 |; m1 c- G$ _* [(1)原则% ]  d3 J/ o6 I  r/ \8 `
首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:  Q# t/ G( I0 c% |- I1 Z0 C
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
  w( k; S4 I' W( T+ f: [9 d- M9 c... Never over-estimate your audience...
$ x! L  |+ c3 s3 m1 J3 D4 o是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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(2)结构
- s, g: u  i5 _  [6 M我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:- k9 l4 Z- H( x, J! y* s. O, I5 P6 |
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1' O  E; x: }2 r- f
以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:
4 {# `. B6 W6 v) ~, y    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)1 |! E9 e( _5 p( ?0 P' M2 ]
    2. Motivation (1 slide)5 m' g  D4 G5 @- _! u* P. X/ Y5 r9 T
    3. Background (1 slide)8 P3 j* Z  o. ]( L
    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)/ e' Z9 X9 E5 x
    5. Results (8 slides)' l2 X( t! y1 `
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)
: H* Q7 s4 l* }( M' ^( e4 x    7. Future Work (1 slide)9 U3 I% U  B$ e5 |* ], p
    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)' _/ J( M6 V" L/ [% k
    9. Backup Slides
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7 T1 C7 J. l% J5 D  t几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:
0 Z1 o$ Q+ z# f2 ^1 ~. u  y/ {) ea. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。2 @7 ~6 K; r( w( `1 ]4 o9 N
b. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
2 M4 V& b( v4 e0 Sc. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。8 E: l* |- N( e  j8 c
d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。" H( W6 i- E. K0 b5 J, h  m

( R" r; d* J1 F  u6 {(3)讲故事
! @0 _% C3 y* D也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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(4)风格$ R2 V" M3 Z% I' P- l9 L
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。) V% L; A: ]" u9 H
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:) R9 ~$ ~0 f/ J/ `6 D: f: M3 c: v
a. 字体: Aria narrow.
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字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 181 N) Y$ x2 W0 L
b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
5 X# K; q& S3 c  k3 ~c. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事; j+ g; B/ p) l& y

/ G0 I3 n, S4 X(5)画图) I( t* |# z- ?! e6 L  G
因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:4 p7 I/ }. i6 x
www.52ocean.cn
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1 A/ C# f6 M8 \2 v: qRef:www.52ocean.cn6 X$ S9 F' m; O9 v& P2 E
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