如何20分钟做出科研报告?

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正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:% I: i; J  v' ]) Q# G
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
4 K' j! _" N. a' p  N    2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
/ d0 t7 |* {: {( e3 e% F% C9 r* x) T    3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.): F6 N5 F/ I8 N* d1 Q
    4. Background. e. o. |& [7 g7 m" o2 i
        4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)& @& e" A. x; l
        4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.( r* A( x2 ?& b# r. y& ~
        4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
9 d( k  b  \& x' M5 a8 E6 x    5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)( I9 R3 c" x  S  k3 \" a5 l9 ~
    6. Summary (1 slide)8 T3 A+ l! k4 `& g* l/ ^$ L, Q
    7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.
7 U$ Z! m6 i) k2 T! r% R( X. ?    8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)' c$ C/ F, A2 V& m: H, _( _: e5 g
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简洁版:
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide): c5 G5 I0 q) |% M& L4 |, b
    2. Motivation (1 slide)2 Z: }7 I) Q# s8 Q1 H6 P
    3. Background (1 slide)
$ C" {& ^+ E5 U2 g" o3 J    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)" S# q: E: {- D$ j2 }
    5. Results (8 slides)
) J& k% p3 [: h( B  T0 T' |    6. Conclusion (1 slide)5 L( B7 S& u& o" A6 V
    7. Future Work (1 slide)- i6 w% E7 z. O( y$ C
    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)8 s; I  q7 f1 q+ S0 F
    9. Backup Slides$ v  i! F0 f; i: q$ @
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举个例子:
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  _/ Q* z; q: |9 M(1)原则
1 w- T- {5 Y$ |( `7 k首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:6 X) |0 O6 y% e; r' }9 m# f) ]* d
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
* q$ m1 s7 }( V- N+ X8 w/ \... Never over-estimate your audience.... F9 s9 X4 ^! u3 y- }1 I# d2 h- Q
是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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; ^) j* _$ N, G3 }: z8 _(2)结构2 _) g  k- r" [8 }' M
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:5 w9 S: g& }: {. U' m- A% A
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D1
" v8 Q- X3 z% d7 \  A" ]以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:
2 \  l2 b' X% R. h    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)% L/ S/ ]. w9 Z  _' y
    2. Motivation (1 slide)1 E! N0 i3 T8 X1 h& m4 ~2 e
    3. Background (1 slide)
5 a3 u  n' t2 r7 T! c# R/ [9 t6 _" o    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)( v5 E8 b6 p1 f# u7 p
    5. Results (8 slides). H5 K( d* }/ d4 ^3 |6 L8 G4 Y
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)9 }$ ?, o7 v3 ?7 d
    7. Future Work (1 slide): `( |! ]3 R6 u* H
    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)/ W6 N) m; V$ C
    9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:7 q2 ]# j$ {/ A4 `- Y" f4 c2 S
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
7 s- A4 d0 r0 X% \3 }b. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。/ T# B! S0 J5 ^' G* f1 f
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。8 {1 @3 X. \; H$ D: t6 S
d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。6 W1 d' N) l; k7 y# c6 ^
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(3)讲故事6 B& \; Z9 r1 Y5 n+ d$ K
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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! H, S/ A/ M' w我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
, A8 I( n' Y, `6 b) n: h同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:: Q' e3 f4 c0 l, S0 W8 Y. ]
a. 字体: Aria narrow.' E  x+ H! h% E, C3 `
   
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18+ \/ q2 r& h/ v
b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
) A5 c$ u: [0 S3 Mc. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事, m" c" H, M4 E  i- {. m
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(5)画图
2 |' a1 W" G, c2 z7 h+ J因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:
8 _6 T8 x: \) I5 E# lwww.52ocean.cn8 i. `0 _) C: q- |2 t" Q$ d
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Ref:www.52ocean.cn) f; E% {5 {; }7 L1 [8 k
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