正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：; ^# j; m( l# B9 L1 p+ l' ~- t! l1 c
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
8 D% K* H/ s4 _% J 2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
' b$ r- z% `: M" {7 C 3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)% z- i# U0 V z7 N7 b0 W6 P
4. Background
! d0 x, g" d/ F5 q1 Z4 M 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
1 d: ]; Y2 g8 @ [# ?% R 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
6 C0 b7 T) v3 o+ M, ?8 r ? 4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.. r! b! u# w1 O( a* V
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
% e* h5 o; G% n 6. Summary (1 slide)+ `0 B! V: {& `, E! s. f5 a
7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.& \. z' _$ d8 D% r& E y5 J
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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# K4 y8 \* B6 f( v9 G% ^简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)% o/ h3 E. }, k! p2 n# j/ e. j
2. Motivation (1 slide); x) w/ ]' w; s I# d- T
3. Background (1 slide)
- z+ T4 C2 j& R' d+ @2 { 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
5 V9 @2 C( T# j/ g 5. Results (8 slides)' {) A6 K z1 s
6. Conclusion (1 slide): P: a$ A% l& f
7. Future Work (1 slide)
0 a2 f- p( A. E# A8 b5 q1 g 8. Acknowledgements (1slide), k) k0 {7 l, b% I6 X/ j/ P( X
9. Backup Slides
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举个例子：! g$ `( f9 M. d+ x% \& \
4 n% X: a7 a$ ~0 a（1）原则
6 V( j& e$ o0 [6 z- v' H& D首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：
4 c" h0 o( {6 z5 Z0 W/ H: R+ xAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
, |! g+ v% Y5 T+ H; v! z. v- Q7 k... Never over-estimate your audience...7 ]! o4 m, ]6 ~& b: }
是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。* Z6 a0 Y2 @; H& i7 k& K6 d& B
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（2）结构1 `: m) C% X4 h- V) W- E
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
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以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：
% K% u/ ~- |5 D7 g+ } 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)3 o% Z' i6 O: j- t0 L9 a ^1 v
2. Motivation (1 slide)
& }* [+ T6 x0 M4 x4 E 3. Background (1 slide)
2 }* B% k3 z0 Q( ^6 o 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
) }( _2 i V: F8 v 5. Results (8 slides)7 S/ y0 F% T% `1 \8 g9 n g4 s
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
' ]0 o% b& h+ d4 [) }( W8 V6 Y 7. Future Work (1 slide)
+ Y( x8 S: P! h( N" c 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)5 T: I! w) O) m0 Z, J) d j
9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：0 N! X: z+ U( ~; t/ U9 @
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。
- f6 L+ d; Y) l) ib. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
2 |+ Y. P1 X- j v% _c. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。
3 |1 T+ c3 J* H* yd. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。+ g4 T9 J' q4 ~! d+ \
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（3）讲故事- ?& n U9 h; K n" z' B) n1 ^
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。/ T% \! E* u; M5 t0 }: E; u* A+ {
* p' \# V2 D% T, h- n（4）风格
0 ?2 {+ q+ f5 B H我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。4 d7 }% ^, B2 Q, F
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：* e% K$ P$ m5 u! F& [5 F3 P
a. 字体: Aria narrow.6 A7 m8 N# i- Z" b5 Q
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
1 p+ J" F. Z7 C; {b.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字2 ~0 P' B8 k9 P" i5 H& H8 k2 c' {
c. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。
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（5）画图
7 l6 T# o# x m因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：
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) k/ E/ z4 l% c3 r' L! BRef：www.52ocean.cn4 _0 B" X" f% m, h) D# @' q3 Y9 D
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