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如何20分钟做出科研报告?

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正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:
1 ^, L5 Q; ~  F; h, q3 t    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)9 K: `/ e0 S; j) ^
    2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
6 e  D6 e( J- w  T' D- Z    3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)8 C; P- Z* o- d4 Y& F& n# e
    4. Background  V6 a; ?& ~2 y4 }6 M4 }9 e
        4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.); q  G9 F- C+ r
        4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.! M  p6 a: ~1 j
        4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.
( H8 M/ O# g1 M0 u! Y    5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
  ^2 w0 `% k5 Q    6. Summary (1 slide)
% W) z1 d5 d; m7 V1 B    7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.1 ~% i' I8 r- {$ K: L
    8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)$ ~8 K; Z6 o( d3 v) `, a  B2 G
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简洁版:
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)0 ^. V) [) m6 T5 l
    2. Motivation (1 slide)
9 D6 Q: p$ @( g4 y" p    3. Background (1 slide)
) [2 M2 }5 s7 @6 z& P, H  Y    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
; M0 `4 v, E% I, N, i    5. Results (8 slides)# `* R4 D/ \5 E! j# c8 r
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)
3 M6 [3 I( ?: V4 Y- \& _    7. Future Work (1 slide)
% ]% Y6 t) x$ a/ r2 o  T    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
4 K) e' |7 |: r  o  P    9. Backup Slides
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举个例子:" A+ |9 U' |1 l
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(1)原则0 _) G6 N9 R( S0 t4 _
首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:
: t% K2 h7 L) O% T! S2 B) P  [2 ^As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...
* g+ O. y% [* q0 R... Never over-estimate your audience...7 f3 R% Y: f- H/ }) a
是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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(2)结构- e' f, |2 d4 C. Q
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:
1 Y; J; j# W( ]$ s) e  d5 l7 N$ Y9 khttp://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D11 v2 u" W) ^6 {( A) R' r
以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:. Q( g! j! J' {- [
    1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)6 @1 ?+ s% t0 b* ]& R, i( p
    2. Motivation (1 slide)( _: z: \/ H" \6 i
    3. Background (1 slide)
- m& V* N) ]4 U0 A0 N    4. Hypothesis (1 slide)' f" q; x9 E  T
    5. Results (8 slides)" ~2 `! Q7 d% q, V+ H
    6. Conclusion (1 slide)
- m# u6 t7 T1 _8 T. g* a    7. Future Work (1 slide)
! F& K  l1 V. z1 z# W8 _# a    8. Acknowledgements (1slide)( ]& {/ c' y- @+ b
    9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:. b# U  p$ r' b$ Q
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。  |. t2 K( v4 u, Z4 e
b. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。0 k% h3 y. r, I7 i& W0 u$ b
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。1 v! B+ E5 F2 X
d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。# t8 I1 R( A4 A3 p! ~. [6 i
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(3)讲故事* N$ S) \3 }1 n; P. E& [' L
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。
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1 `! T" z5 z, r9 h(4)风格- Z- r! |# n( E( R
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。
6 d. f+ ~2 v- ^, I( p: d& o同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:7 c) A4 m0 G9 G& I0 K: R
a. 字体: Aria narrow., I9 G& \; W0 z3 ]9 ?
   
字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18- Q6 X. I% R; E8 I- N9 o+ y
b.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
' I( g9 u5 \! S7 M/ Q0 lc. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事. [) {, [3 L  U+ {
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(5)画图
4 m! I0 r0 f$ o# |0 `因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:
- h2 _& `0 E2 ]0 Ywww.52ocean.cn
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! F3 J4 z) q. _" @0 A" K; u2 SRef:www.52ocean.cn# k$ |5 q. C! h, Q" D( |

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