|
Intro 在南极的冰冷海水中，有一种可怕的死亡冰凌，它们就像一条毒蛇，所经之处行动缓慢的生物不暴毙。那么，死亡冰柱”到底是如何在深海“施展”威力无比的“黑魔法”呢？ In the frigid waters of Antarctica, there is a terrifying phenomenon known as the “icicles of death,” which cause slow-moving creatures to perish in their wake. How do the icicles unleash powerful evil magic in abysmal sea?
死亡冰柱（brinicle）指含盐的冰柱，当极地的温度降到一定程度后（一般为零下几十摄氏度），海水里的盐分被析出，海发生结冰现象，就会形成柱状冰体向海底沉降、延伸，所到之处，海洋生物皆被冻死，会在两极的冬季自然形成。最开始是在 1971 年由美国海洋学家 Paul Dayton 和 Seelye Martin 发现的。 Icicles of death, also known as brinicles, refer to salt-containing icicles. When the polar temperature drops to tens of degrees below zero Celsius, the salt in seawater will be separated out, and the seawater will freeze. The columnar ice sinks and extends towards the seafloor, causing all marine organisms in its path to be encased in ice and freeze to death. This phenomenon usually occurs naturally during the winter in both polar regions, which was discovered by American marine scientists Paul Dayton and Seelye Martin in 1971.
海水表面已经结了一层冰，温度高的海水因为密度更小而容易上涌。当下方温暖的海水上涌时，就会和浮冰接触，并被降温。由于冰是由水分子构成的，而盐本身无法和冰结合起来，因此上升的海水中只有部分水分子和浮冰结合，剩下的海水变成了更咸、密度更大的卤水，愈发不能结冰，只能重新下落回到海洋深处。在这些变得更冷、更咸的海水在下落的过程中会使附近的海水结冰，并让这些冰块围绕形成一个冰柱。 When the surface seawater freezes, warmer water with lower density rises up. The warm water then comes into contact with floating ice, and to be cool down. Since ice is made up of water molecules, the salt in seawater cannot bind with the ice. Therefore, only some of the water molecules in the rising seawater will turn into ice, while the remaining seawater becomes saltier and denser and falls back into the deep sea. As the colder and saltier water falls, it causes the surrounding seawater to freeze and form icicles. 当死亡冰柱与海底接触的时候，会形成冰网，居住在海底的海洋生物，包括称霸海底世界的鲨鱼，都可能被包裹在不断膨胀的冰网中并被困住，由于温度骤降，这些被困住的海洋生物，在这场残酷而惨烈的浩劫中，都难以幸免。 When brinicles come into contact with the seafloor, they can form ice nets that can trap marine organisms, including sharks, lords of the sea world. Due to the sudden drop in temperature, these organisms may die while struggling in the expanding ice nets. 这就是死亡冰柱的神奇之处，巨大的死亡冰柱席卷海底，所到之处，无一生还。死亡冰柱不仅会夺走海底生物的生命，而且还会威胁到正常潜水航行的潜水器，尤其是在水雷区，死亡冰柱接触到水雷时会引起爆炸，后果不堪设想。只有当海面温度回暖时，冷能来源开始慢慢减弱，冰柱才逐渐被海水融化，这些威力才会消失。 This is the miracle of brinicles, sweeping through the sea floor, leaving no survivors in their wake. At the same time, they pose a threat to diving vehicles, especially in minefields, as contact between brinicles and the mines can cause explosions with serious consequences. Only when the sea surface temperature warms up and the source of cold energy gradually weakens, will the icicles melt away and the threats disappear.
人类敬畏海洋，因为茫茫的海域充满了无限的未知与魔力，人类敬畏自然，因为自然创造了神奇的生命，构造出罕见的自然现象。 Humans revere the ocean because it is full of infinite unknowns and magic. Humans also have a deep respect for nature because it creates miraculous lives and rare natural phenomena.
[1] 知金,agelb,Anton,阿创．海底“黑魔法” 死亡冰柱[J]．环球人文地理,2021(03)：106-107. [2] “死亡手指”[J].环境与生活,2011 (12）：67.
|
